Argyo Demartoto
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

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The Effect of Hypnotherapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress, in People Living with HIV/AIDS, in “Friendship Plus” Peer Supporting Group, in Kediri, East Java Ahmad Wasis Setyadi; Bhisma Murti; Argyo Demartoto
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

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Abstract

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV / AIDS) is a global public health problem. Identification of HIV infection can cause psychological distress to the affected, such as depression, anxiety, and stress. The deeper distress people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV), the weaker immunity, the stronger virus attact. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of hypnotherapy on the reducing depression, anxiety, and stress, in PLHIV at Friendship Plus peer supporting group in Kediri. Subjects and Method: This was a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) conducted in Kediri, East Java. A total sample of 60 PLHIV were randomized into hypnotherapy group (n1=30) and control group (n2=30). Hypnotherapy was provided 4 times per months. The levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, were measured before and after the intervention, using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) 42, which was translated in Indonesian. The mean differences in the 3 outcome variables between the hypnotherapy and the control groups were tested by t test.Results: After the intervention, the level of the depression in the hypnotherapy group (mean= 5.07; SD= 5.45) was lower than that in the control group (mean= 17.73; SD= 6.50), and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). The level of the enxiety in the hypnotherapy group (mean= 7.70; SD= 5.29) was lower than that in the control group (mean= 20.77; SD= 5.98), and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). The level of the stress in the hypnotherapy group (mean= 7.77; SD= 6.37) was lower than that in the control group (mean= 20.30; SD= 5.34), and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). The level of DASS combined in the hypnotherapy group (mean= 20.53; SD= 15.30) was lower than that in the control group (mean= 58.80; SD= 15.63), and it was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: Hypnotherapy is effective in reducing depression, anxiety, stress, and DASS combined in PLHIV.Keywords: depression, anxiety, stress, DASS, PLHIVCorrespondence: Ahmad Wasis Setyadi. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia. Email: ahmadwasis@gmail.com.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1(2): 99-108https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.02.05
Social Capital and Non-Smoking Behavior Among University Students: Implementation of Social Cognitive Theory Lizya Anggita Abriyanti; Argyo Demartoto; Bhisma Murti; Endang Sutisna Sulaeman; Revi Gama Hatta Novika
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Smoking is a habit that has a negative impact on health and the environment, especially among college students. Smokers in Malang Regency are dominated by the age group of 20-24 years old as much as 38.01%. This study aims to analyze the influence of social capital on non-smoking behavior in students by applying Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, from December 2024 to January 2025. A sample of 200 male students was selected using random sampling. The dependent variable was non-smoking behavior. Independent variables were social capital, observational learning, self-efficacy, attitude, and outcome expectations. Data were analyzed using STATA 13. Results: Students' non-smoking behavior was directly influenced by social capital (b=0.07; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.12; p= 0.013), self-efficacy (b=0.52; 95% CI= 0.44 to 0.61; p <0.001), attitude (b=0.41; 95% CI= 0.31 to 0.50; p <0.001), and age (b=-0.07; 95% CI=-0.13 to -0.02; p= 0.008). Meanwhile, the indirect influence was observational learning (b= 0.12; 95% CI= -0.00 to 0.24; p= 0.056), and expected outcome (b=0.31; 95% CI= 0.19 to 0.43; p <0.001). Conclusion: The non-smoking behavior of students is directly influenced by social capital, self-efficacy, attitude, and age. While the indirect influence is observational learning, and the expectation of results.