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All Journal TRILOGI: Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi, Kesehatan, dan Humaniora
Dwintha Lestari
Universitas Muhammadiyah
Humanities Computer Science & IT Engineering Public Health Other

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Kajian Literatur: Peran Sifat Fisika-Kimia Obat Dalam Efektivitas Sistem Penghantaran Transdermal Patch Lu’lu Jannah QA; Nazhara Dwi Lestari; Sri Wahyuni; Naela Izzatun Nissa; Fahmi Hasby Assidiqy; Jaira Jacquitta Putri; Rifa Husnul Khotimah; Dwintha Lestari
TRILOGI: Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi, Kesehatan, dan Humaniora Vol 6, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/trilogi.v6i4.13274

Abstract

Limited drug permeation across the stratum corneum remains a major challenge in transdermal patch development, while integrated analyses linking physicochemical drug properties with formulation design are still scarce. This study aimed to synthesize the influence of physicochemical parameters on the effectiveness of transdermal patch systems through a descriptive analytical literature review of seven peer-reviewed articles published within the last decade. The analysis demonstrates that drugs with low molecular weight (<500 Da), optimal lipophilicity (log P 1–3), low melting point (<200°C), pKa compatible with skin pH, low polar surface area, and limited hydrogen bonding capacity exhibit considered superior transdermal permeability. Furthermore, interactions between drugs and formulation components including polymer matrices, plasticizers, and penetration enhancers were found to modulate skin permeation mechanisms and drug release profiles. This review highlights that the success of transdermal patches relies on the synergistic optimization of physicochemical drug properties and mechanism-based formulation strategies, providing a rational framework for the development of effective and clinically relevant transdermal delivery systems
Studi Literatur Efektivitas Simplisia Daun Seledri (Apium graveolens L) terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi Aulia Ulhanifah Andiani; Cindy Syahira Ananta; Hutry Inayah Marzuki; Khairifaldi Praditya; Kiki Sundari; Shafira Nursyamsiah Khamila; Dwintha Lestari
TRILOGI: Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi, Kesehatan, dan Humaniora Vol 6, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/trilogi.v6i4.13275

Abstract

Blood pressure control can be achieved through both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, one of which involves the use of celery leaves (Apium graveolens L.). This study aims to review the effectiveness of dried celery leaf simplicia in reducing blood pressure and its potential as a basis for transdermal patch formulation. A qualitative literature review was conducted using inclusion criteria comprising original research and review articles discussing celery leaves as antihypertensive agents, published within the last ten years, available in full text, and relevant to the research topic. Irrelevant articles, duplicates, and studies lacking outcome data were excluded from the analysis. The review results indicate that celery leaves contain major groups of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic compounds, which exhibit diuretic, vasodilatory, and antioxidant activities. Based on several experimental and clinical studies analyzed, administration of celery leaf decoction was reported to reduce systolic blood pressure by approximately 24–30 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 7–10 mmHg, with variations observed among studies. The antihypertensive mechanisms involve increased nitric oxide (NO) production, inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and diuretic effects. In addition, the physicochemical characteristics of celery leaf bioactive compounds indicate their potential for formulation into transdermal patch systems intended for patients with mild to moderate hypertension, defined by blood pressure levels ≥140/90 mmHg and <180/110 mmHg. The limitations of this review include variations in dosage, extraction methods, and study designs across the analyzed literature. In conclusion, celery leaf simplicia demonstrates potential antihypertensive effects with minimal side effects, and the development of transdermal patches represents an innovative approach that requires further validation through clinical trials.
Kajian Literatur Optimalisasi Sistem Transdermal Patch untuk Terapi Antinyeri Aulia Setia Putri; Ayumi Tresna Laksmi Putri; Bilqis Vanessa Zattaniya; Deshita Putri Nurrisma; Ryan Hidayat; Saiful Rizal; Dwintha Lestari
TRILOGI: Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi, Kesehatan, dan Humaniora Vol 6, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/trilogi.v6i4.13277

Abstract

Pain therapy requires a drug delivery system capable of maintaining a stable analgesic effect with minimal adverse effects; therefore, transdermal patch systems represent a promising alternative. This literature review aims to analyze optimization strategies of transdermal patches to enhance the effectiveness of pain therapy. The method employed was a systematic narrative literature review of articles published between 2015 and 2025, retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and MDPI databases. Article selection was conducted based on relevance to formulation, evaluation, and effectiveness of transdermal patches for analgesic therapy, resulting in a total of 18 articles included in the analysis. Comparative synthesis of the literature identified three main pillars of optimization: the use of natural active compounds with analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential, the application of chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs), and the implementation of physical enhancement technologies. Active compounds such as piperine and flavonoids demonstrated good compatibility within patch systems, while CPEs such as sodium lauryl sulfate and propylene glycol were reported to increase drug permeation by approximately 2–5 times compared to formulations without enhancers. Physical technologies, including microneedles, sonophoresis, and iontophoresis, were selected for their ability to mechanically reduce the barrier function of the stratum corneum, thereby supporting controlled drug release and producing a stable pharmacokinetic profile characterized by gradual release and maintenance of drug concentrations within the therapeutic range. Although the findings indicate that integrating these three optimization pillars may enhance analgesic effectiveness and patient adherence, this review is limited by the predominance of preclinical studies and methodological heterogeneity. Therefore, further validation through large-scale clinical trials is required to support the achievement of transdermal patch optimization in clinical pain management.
Co-Authors Aulia Setia Putri Aulia Ulhanifah Andiani Ayumi Tresna Laksmi Putri Bilqis Vanessa Zattaniya Cindy Syahira Ananta Deshita Putri Nurrisma Fahmi Hasby Assidiqy Hutry Inayah Marzuki Jaira Jacquitta Putri Khairifaldi Praditya Kiki Sundari Lu’lu Jannah QA Naela Izzatun Nissa Nazhara Dwi Lestari Rifa Husnul Khotimah Ryan Hidayat Saiful Rizal Shafira Nursyamsiah Khamila Sri Wahyuni