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All Journal Journal of Economics Economie : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi
Ayu Padila
Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Social Sciences Other

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Determinan Status Pekerjaan Berdasarkan Tingkat Upah di Indonesia Ayu Padila; Kukuh Arisetyawan
Jurnal Ekonomika : INDEPENDEN Vol 5 No 3 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/independent.v5i3.74218

Abstract

Job quality is a central concern in Indonesia’s labor development as the dominance of informal employment and wage inequality suggest that job creation has not always been accompanied by improvements in job quality. This study examines the determinants of employment status by wage level by classifying workers into three categories: informal (base outcome), low-wage formal, and high-wage formal. Using Indonesia’s National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) 2023, the analysis covers 508,340 working-age individuals (≥15 years) with complete information. A multinomial logistic regression is employed and interpreted using average marginal effects. The results indicate that being male, having secondary and especially tertiary education, residing in urban areas, and working full-time increase the probability of high-wage formal employment. Persons with disabilities and part-time workers are less likely to access high-wage formal jobs and are more likely to remain in informal employment. Age exhibits a non-linear (inverted U-shaped) pattern, while the previous sector reflects labor market segmentation and skill mismatch. In conclusion, labor policy should prioritize not only job expansion but also job-quality upgrading through education, relevant skill development, inclusive formal job creation, and more even regional opportunities.
Peran Kebijakan Fiskal Hijau dalam Mendorong Keberlanjutan Ekonomi Hijau Ayu Padila
Economie: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Faculty of Economic an Business Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30742/economie.v8i1.5173

Abstract

Green fiscal policies are important sustainable public instruments for the public sector in addressing climate change. Given that the global climate crisis generates significant economic and fiscal costs, green transformation requires public revenue and expenditure policies designed in accordance with the principles of a sustainable economy oriented toward green transformation. Fiscal policies focused on the green economy not only promote the transition from conventional economic systems to a green economy, but also have the capacity to steer private sector investment and savings toward more sustainable directions. This study aims to emphasize the importance of green fiscal policies in achieving the sustainability of a green economy by employing a literature review method. The findings indicate that green economic transformation cannot occur spontaneously through private sector actions alone; therefore, the active role of fiscal policy instruments is necessary to provide direction and incentives. Accordingly, green fiscal policies play a strategic role in driving sustainable fiscal and economic transformation and in strengthening the relationship between green economic transformation and green fiscal policies.
Co-Authors Kukuh Arisetyawan