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All Journal INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS)
Sartika
Politeknik Kesehatan Bhakti Pertiwi Husada
Health Professions Nursing Public Health Other

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COMPARISON OF WARM WATER FOOT HYDROTHERAPY WITH AND WITHOUT EPSOM SALT ON LOWER EXTREMITY EDEMA AMONG THIRD-TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN Sartika; Sylvia Meristika Rachman; Noorlinda
International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): VOLUME 10 ISSUE 2 AUGUST 2026
Publisher : Departement Research and Community Engagement Bina Sehat PPNI Institute of Health Science, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29082/IJNMS/2026/Vol10/Iss2/826

Abstract

Lower extremity edema is a common discomfort experienced by third-trimester pregnant women due to physiological changes during pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of foot hydrotherapy with Epsom salt in reducing lower extremity edema among third-trimester pregnant women in Weru District, Cirebon Regency. This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design involving 30 third-trimester pregnant women selected using purposive sampling. Respondents were divided into an intervention group receiving foot hydrotherapy with Epsom salt and a control group receiving warm water foot hydrotherapy only. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann-Whitney U Test. The results showed significant reductions in edema scores in the Epsom salt group (p = 0.001) and warm water group (p = 0.008). The Mann-Whitney U Test also demonstrated a significant difference between groups (p = 0.001), indicating that foot hydrotherapy with Epsom salt was more effective than warm water hydrotherapy alone in reducing lower extremity edema. Foot hydrotherapy with Epsom salt may be recommended as a simple, safe, affordable, and non-pharmacological complementary intervention for reducing edema among third-trimester pregnant women.
Co-Authors Noorlinda Sylvia Meristika Rachman