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All Journal International Journal of Health, Engineering and Technology
Anna Fitriawati
Duta Bangsa University, Surakarta
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Dentistry Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Test In Silico Compounds Of Lime Leaves (Citrus Amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse) As Inhibitors Of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Causes Hypertension Fitrohrezky Akbar Maulana; Tiara Ajeng Listyani; Anna Fitriawati
International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology Vol. 4 No. 6 (2026): IJHET MARCH 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhet.v4i6.646

Abstract

Hypertension is a global health problem with high prevalence and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. One of the main mechanisms of hypertension is increased Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) activity. The use of synthetic ACE inhibitors often causes side effects, such as nausea, hyperkalaemia, headaches, swelling of the lower skin, coughing, taste disturbances, and angioneurotic edema. Therefore, natural-based alternatives are needed. Lime leaves (Citrus amblycarpa) are known to contain various bioactive compounds that have the potential to act as ACE inhibitors. This study aims to analyze the interaction of active compounds in lime leaves with ACE through molecular docking, as well as to predict their ADME profile and toxicity. The study was conducted in silico using PyRx–AutoDock Vina for molecular docking, PyMOL and BIOVIA Discovery Studio for interaction visualization, SwissADME for ADME prediction, and ToxTree for toxicity analysis. Method validation was performed based on an RMSD value < 2Å. The results of the study indicate that 1,3-benzenedicarboxamide is the best compound with an RMSD value of 1.998 Å and a bond free energy (ΔG) of −6.4 kcal/mol, forming specific amino acid residue bonds similar to the native captopril ligand. ADME predictions meet Lipinski's Rule of Five criteria and fall into the low toxicity category (Class I) based on Cramer's rules. The compound 1,3-benzenedicarboxamide has the potential to be developed as a candidate ACE inhibitor for hypertension therapy.
Antibacterial Activity Test Of Extract, N-Hexane Fraction, Ethyl Acetate And Water Of Kesum Leaves (Polygonum Minus H) Against Escherichia Coli ATCC 25922 Bacteria Wahana Ayu Saputri; Tatiana Siska Wardani; Anna Fitriawati
International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology Vol. 4 No. 6 (2026): IJHET MARCH 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhet.v4i6.663

Abstract

Diarrheal disease caused by Escherichia coli is a serious health problem in Indonesia, especially in toddlers, with increasing antibiotic resistance. Kesum leaves (Polygonum minus H.) have antibacterial potential because they contain flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and saponins. To evaluate the antibacterial activity of 70% ethanol extract and fractions of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and kesum leaf water against E. coli ATCC 25922, to identify effective concentrations, and to determine the MIC and MBC of the most active fraction. Laboratory experimental study with 70% ethanol maceration extraction and liquid-liquid fractionation. E. coli ATCC 25922 population, 7 kg of simplex samples from Sambas, West Kalimantan. Instruments include an incubator, SPSS 25. Analysis techniques: disc diffusion, liquid/solid dilution, ANOVA.  The ethyl acetate fraction was the most effective (inhibition zone 12.36 mm, at a concentration of 40%, strong category), followed by the extract (inhibition zone 11.31 mm, at a concentration of 30%, medium category), n-hexane (10.46 mm), water (8.86 mm). MIC and MBC of the ethyl acetate fraction were 30%. The extract and fraction of kesum leaves have moderate to strong antibacterial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922, supporting the development of anti-diarrhea herbal medicine.
Physical Quality Test And Antibacterial Activity Of Anti-Acne Cream Preparation Of Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta Indica A.Juss) Against Propionibacterium Acnes Fitriyana Fitriyana; Anna Fitriawati; Annie Rahmatillah
International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): IJHET MAY 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhet.v5i1.675

Abstract

Acne is a common skin disease caused by Propionibacterium acnes bacterial infection. Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) are known to contain active compounds such as azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbidin, and quercetin, which have antibacterial properties. This study aims to formulate neem leaf extract into a cream preparation, test its physical quality, and determine its antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The research method used is a laboratory experiment. Neem leaf extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Cream preparations were made in four variations of extract concentration, namely 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45%. Physical quality tests of the preparations included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and spreadability. Antibacterial activity tests were carried out using the diffusion method. The results showed that all cream formulas met the standards for good physical quality preparations. The results of the pH, viscosity, and spreadability tests met the requirements. The antibacterial activity of the cream preparation against Propionibacterium acnes was classified as strong, with an average inhibition zone of 28.94 mm at a 30% concentration, 19.78 mm at a 35% concentration, 33.93 mm at a 40% concentration, and 36.77 mm at a 45% concentration. The conclusion of this study is that neem leaf extract can be formulated into a cream preparation that meets physical quality standards and is effective in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.
Co-Authors Annie Rahmatillah Fitriyana Fitriyana Fitrohrezky Akbar Maulana Tatiana Siska Wardani Tiara Ajeng Listyani Wahana Ayu Saputri