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All Journal International Journal of Health, Engineering and Technology
Intan Lestari
University of Jambi
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Dentistry Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Eco-Friendly Adsorbent Derived From Palm Kernel Shell Waste As Activated Carbon For Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Purification Umi Aisya’adah; Nasywa Zinta; Ailsa Putri Dyanti; Alfina Insani; Intan Lestari
International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): IJHET MAY 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhet.v5i1.787

Abstract

Indonesia, as the world’s largest palm oil producer, generates significant amounts of biomass waste, including palm kernel shells that remain underutilized. This study aims to develop eco-friendly activated carbon from palm kernel shell waste through carbonization and chemical activation using NaCl and ZnCl₂, and to evaluate its performance in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) purification. Carbonization was conducted at high temperatures under limited oxygen conditions, followed by chemical activation to enhance surface area and pore structure. The resulting materials were characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD, and XRF to determine morphology, functional groups, crystal structure, and elemental composition. The adsorption performance was evaluated based on the reduction of free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification value, and moisture content in CPO. The results indicate that ZnCl₂ activation produces a more developed pore structure and higher adsorption capacity compared to NaCl. This study demonstrates that palm kernel shell waste can be effectively utilized as a low-cost, sustainable, and environmentally friendly adsorbent, contributing to improved CPO quality and supporting circular economy practices in the palm oil industry.
Co-Authors Ailsa Putri Dyanti Alfina Insani Nasywa Zinta Umi Aisya’adah