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All Journal International Journal of Health, Engineering and Technology
Dior Manta Tambunan
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:79:"Study Program/Bachelor of Nursing Science, Murni Teguh University, Deli Serdang";}
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The Relationship Between Parental Involvement With Pain And Anxiety Levels Among Preschool Children During Invasive Procedures Dior Manta Tambunan; Rustianna Tumanggor
International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Vol 5. No. 2 JULY 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhet.v5i2.996

Abstract

Hospitalization can be a stressful experience for children, especially when they undergo invasive procedures, which often cause pain and anxiety, which can impact their physical and psychological well-being. This can lead to trauma during hospitalization. This study aimed to identify the relationship between parental involvement and pain and anxiety levels in preschool children during invasive procedures. This study used a quantitative approach and research’s design was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 52 children aged 3-6 years (preschool) with non-oncology cases were treated at the Private Hospital “X” in Medan with purposive sampling. The instruments in this study were questionnaires and pain scale observation. Bivariate test used the non-parametric Spearman's Rho test. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between parental involvement and preschool children's pain level during invasive procedures and there was a significant relationship between parental involvement and anxiety level of preschool children undergoing invasive procedures. Parents' inability to provide appropriate support has the potential to worsen the child's emotional condition, which in turn increases the risk of failure of the procedure, prolongs the duration of the procedure, and adds to the psychological burden on health workers. It is recommended that further researchers conduct intervention studies to identify parental involvement during hospitalization.
The Relationship Between Parenting Styles And Anxiety Levels In Children Aged 3-6 Years During Hospitalization Dior Manta Tambunan; Febri Theresia Sihaloho
International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Vol 5. No. 2 JULY 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhet.v5i2.997

Abstract

Hospitalization is a stressful experience for children, especially when they have to undergo disruptive procedures, which often cause anxiety that affects the child's physical and mental health. This can create a traumatic experience related to hospitalization. This study aims to identify the relationship between parenting styles and anxiety levels in preschool-aged children during hospitalization. The method used in this study is quantitative with a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 52 children aged between 3-6 years (preschool) who were treated at Private Hospital "X" Medan were selected through a purposive sampling technique. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the non-parametric Spearman's Rho test. The findings of this study indicate a significant relationship between parental parenting styles and preschoolers' anxiety levels during hospitalization. Parenting styles significantly influence preschoolers' anxiety levels during hospitalization. Children who receive supportive, democratic, and affectionate parenting styles tend to have better coping mechanisms, resulting in lower anxiety levels than children with less appropriate parenting styles. It is recommended that further researchers conduct intervention studies to identify parenting patterns and add variables of children's coping mechanisms during hospitalization.
Co-Authors Febri Theresia Sihaloho Rustianna Tumanggor