<![CDATA[This study aimed to identify the Islamic identity of takaful companies through the disclosure of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) in five member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, the UAE, Indonesia, and Pakistan). The five objectives of maqashid shariah were adopted to reflect the ethical identity of Islamic financial institutions as an analytical framework for addressing gaps in sustainability reporting. A content analysis of sustainability reports published by takaful companies from 2022 to 2023, with a coding scheme and scale from 0 to 5, used to evaluate ESG disclosures based on the five dimensions of maqashid shariah analysis. Validity was ensured through a systematic analytical framework, while intercoder reliability was assessed using Krippendorff’s Alpha. Saudi Arabia reported the closest balance, followed by moderate disclosure practices in Malaysia and the UAE. Substantial increases supported by regulatory initiatives were observed in Indonesia, while low levels of reporting persisted in Pakistan due to structural constraints. This study provided a unique sustainable reporting framework at the core of ESG assessment through the local normalization of maqashid shariah. The cross-country comparison emphasized the role of dynamic regulatory environments in balancing disclosure practices with ESG reporting and providing important insights to strengthen shariah-balanced standards from a policy perspective. The present study introduces an original and replicable framework for sustainability reporting, traceable to maqashid shariah within an ESG assessment process. Understanding the contrast of cross-country disclosure practices suggests the effects of variances in the regulatory context.]]>
