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IMPLEMENTATION OF WORK ACTIVITIES FOR PRISONERS IN STRENGTHENING LOCUS OF CONTROL IN METRO CLASS IIA CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION Aliya Salma; Markus Marselinus Soge
Journal of Management Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Vol 19 No 1 - May (2026): JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (Special Issue) - Correctional System Management
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

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This study aims to analyze the implementation of work activity programs for inmates at the Metro Class IIA Correctional Institution in supporting the main objective of the correctional system, namely social reintegration. These work activities are designed to equip inmates with practical skills and increase their motivation to improve their quality of life by strengthening their internal locus of control (LoC). The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The study applies program implementation theory and Locus of Control theory to understand how the program is carried out and its impact on inmates. The findings show that the implementation of work activities has been supported by collaboration with external partners and active participation from inmates who engage in activities based on their interests and talents. This condition helps strengthen inmates’ internal locus of control, as they become more responsible, confident, and motivated to plan their future after release. However, several challenges still hinder the optimal implementation of the program, including limited product marketing, low motivation among some inmates, budget constraints, and limited access to training. Therefore, improvements are needed, particularly in expanding marketing strategies, increasing training opportunities, and strengthening institutional support, so that the program can more effectively contribute to inmates’ personal development and successful social reintegration. Keywords: Correctional Institution; Locus of Control, Prisoners; Work Activities

COMMUNICATION MODEL OF CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS TO RECIDIVIST INMATES IN ENCOURAGING PARTICIPATION IN SELF-RELIANCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AT CLASS I CORRECTIONAL FACILITY MEDAN Mikael Theotista Dzurgi Gultom; Markus Marselinus Soge
Journal of Management Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Vol 19 No 1 - May (2026): JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (Special Issue) - Correctional System Management
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

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This study examines the communication patterns used by correctional officers in engaging recidivist inmates at the Class I Correctional Facility Medan, in response to the high rate of recidivism in Indonesia and the challenges of overcrowding. The research aims to describe how communication is applied in the rehabilitation process and to identify the obstacles faced in encouraging inmate participation in independence development programs. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving correctional officers and recidivist inmates selected purposively. The findings show that interpersonal communication characterized by empathy, openness, and a persuasive approach plays an important role in increasing inmate participation in rehabilitation activities, particularly vocational skills training programs. However, the implementation of effective communication is still constrained by several factors, including overcrowded conditions, a limited number of officers, lack of communication training, and peer pressure among inmates. These challenges hinder the optimization of rehabilitation programs. Therefore, strengthening communication capacity, increasing the number of officers, and improving institutional support are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of inmate rehabilitation and reduce recidivism rates. Keywords: Communication Model; Recidivist Inmates; Independence Development; Correctional Facility; Rehabilitation

PRISON LAND UTILIZATION STRATEGY IN SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDEPENDENCE FOR PRISONERS IN CLASS IIA BENGKULU PRISON Ahmad Akbar Beng Lieng; Markus Marselinus Soge
Journal of Management Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Vol 19 No 1 - May (2026): JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (Special Issue) - Correctional System Management
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

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This study examines the optimization of inmate development programs at Lapas Kelas IIA Bengkulu, focusing on the utilization of available land to support independence training. Although the institution has a large area of land with significant potential, its use has not yet been maximized. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document studies. The analysis is based on Mintzberg’s strategy theory and the concept of correctional development (SPPN). The findings show that the strategies implemented include agricultural activities, plantations, and land-based skills training aimed at supporting inmates’ independence and accelerating their social reintegration. However, the implementation of these strategies faces several challenges, such as unfavorable land conditions, limited facilities and skilled personnel, budget constraints, rigid institutional regulations, limited market access, and negative public stigma toward inmates and their products. Therefore, more comprehensive support, improved resource management, and stronger collaboration with external parties are needed to optimize land utilization and enhance the effectiveness of independence development programs. Keywords: Independence Development; Land Utilization; Prisoners

THE ROLE OF CORRECTIONAL GUARDIANS IN PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT TO IMPROVE PRISONERS' SELF-CONTROL AT CLASS IIA CURUP CORRECTIONAL FACILITY Jehan Aidil Ruwanda; Markus Marselinus Soge
Journal of Management Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Vol 19 No 1 - May (2026): JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (Special Issue) - Correctional System Management
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

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This study examines the role of correctional counselors (Wali Pemasyarakatan) in enhancing inmates’ self-control through personality development programs at the Class IIA Curup Correctional Facility. Correctional counselors act as facilitators, communicators, and motivators in supporting inmate rehabilitation and social reintegration. Strengthening self-control is considered essential to prevent recidivism and help inmates adapt successfully to life after release. The findings show that counselors play an active role in conducting risk assessments, assisting inmates in the reintegration process, and supervising spiritual and personality development programs. They also maintain ongoing communication with inmates and provide emotional support, which contributes to improving inmates’ self-awareness and behavioral control. However, several challenges hinder the effectiveness of their role, including limited facilities, an imbalance between the number of officers and inmates, diverse inmate backgrounds, and the lack of specialized psychological training for counselors. Therefore, it is necessary to improve infrastructure, increase the number of correctional staff, and provide targeted training programs to strengthen counselors’ competencies. These efforts are expected to enhance the effectiveness of personality development programs and support successful inmate reintegration into society. Keywords: Correctional Counselor; Personality Development; Self-Control; Inmates

OPTIMIZING INDEPENDENCE TRAINING THROUGH SEWING TRAINING AS AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE THE SKILLS OF PRISONERS AT THE CLASS IIA SALEMBA CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION Erikson Candra Saragih; Markus Marselinus Soge
Journal of Management Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Vol 19 No 1 - May (2026): JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (Special Issue) - Correctional System Management
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

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Correctional institutions play an important role in equipping inmates with productive skills to support their reintegration into society. At the Class IIA Salemba Correctional Institution, one such effort is sewing skills training, which aims not only to improve work competence but also to foster discipline, independence, and readiness for social life after release. This study examines the optimization of self-reliance development through sewing training and identifies the obstacles faced in its implementation. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The analysis is supported by optimization and skills development theories, with stages including data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that self-reliance development has been implemented through structured sewing training programs guided by supervisors and instructors. This approach helps inmates develop practical skills and work discipline. However, several challenges limit the program’s effectiveness, such as a lack of sewing machines, inconsistent training schedules, limited budgets, a shortage of skilled instructors, and the absence of post-release follow-up programs. These constraints reduce the long-term sustainability and impact of the training. Therefore, improvements in facilities, human resources, and continuity programs are necessary to optimize the benefits of sewing training for inmates’ future independence. Keywords: Self-Reliance Development; Sewing Training; Inmate Skills

EFFECTIVENESS OF VEGETABLE CULTIVATION ACTIVITIES TO SUPPORT FOOD SECURITY AT CLASS IIB WONOGIRI CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION Rizq Adyatma Sinulingga; Markus Marselinus Soge
Journal of Management Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Vol 19 No 1 - May (2026): JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (Special Issue) - Correctional System Management
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

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This study examines efforts to support food security through vegetable cultivation by utilizing prison land at the Class IIB Wonogiri Correctional Institution. The program is part of an agricultural independence initiative aimed at increasing food reserves, anticipating potential food crises, and contributing to Indonesia’s food self-sufficiency. The research uses a qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and document studies, and analyzed through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The analysis is based on program effectiveness theory and food security theory. The findings show that the program has been implemented by optimizing available land and cultivating relatively easy-to-grow vegetables such as kale, spinach, and eggplant. The harvest is used to supplement the nutritional needs of inmates, indicating that the program contributes positively to institutional food security. However, several obstacles hinder its sustainability, including pest attacks, soil fertility issues, and sanitation challenges. In addition, limited budget allocation creates uncertainty, as the continuity of the program depends on the outcomes of previous harvests. Therefore, improvements in resource management, agricultural support, and funding stability are necessary to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the program. Keywords: Effectivenes; Self-Reliance Development; Food Security; Vegetable Cultivation

IMPLEMENTATION OF GOAT FARMING COACHING AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING THE WORK SKILLS OF INMATES AT THE CLASS IIB CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION IN TANJUNG BALAI Stevenson Eko Putra Turnip; Markus Marselinus Soge
Journal of Management Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Vol 19 No 1 - May (2026): JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (Special Issue) - Correctional System Management
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

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Correctional institutions are not only responsible for enforcing sentences but also for fostering inmates’ personal development to support their reintegration into society. One form of personality development is spiritual guidance through tahsin and tajwid methods, which aim to improve Qur’anic recitation while shaping more religious and morally grounded individuals. This study examines the implementation of these Islamic spiritual activities at the Class IIA Correctional Facility in Palu and identifies the obstacles encountered in the process. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis from both primary and secondary sources. The analysis is based on implementation theory and the concept of correctional development (SPPN). The findings indicate that tahsin and tajwid activities contribute positively to inmates’ character development, particularly in fostering discipline, religious awareness, and cooperation with external partners. These activities help create a more structured and value-oriented environment within the correctional institution. However, the implementation of the program still faces several challenges, including limited religious knowledge among inmates, budget and human resource constraints, low intrinsic motivation, and environmental factors that are not fully supportive. Therefore, strengthening institutional support, increasing training resources, and enhancing motivational approaches are necessary to optimize the effectiveness of spiritual development programs for inmates. Keywords: Independence Development; Goat Farming; Work Skills

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND INTELLECTUAL ENHANCEMENT THROUGH LIBRARIES TO IMPROVE THE LITERACY SKILLS OF INMATES AT THE TANGERANG CLASS IIA CORRECTIONAL FACILITY Andi Agung Nugraha P. Tolleng; Markus Marselinus Soge
Journal of Management Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Vol 19 No 1 - May (2026): JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (Special Issue) - Correctional System Management
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

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This study examines the implementation of intellectual enhancement in personality development through a literacy corner program at the Class IIA Correctional Institution in Tangerang. The program is part of the broader correctional development system (SPPN), aiming to improve inmates’ literacy skills and support their personal growth. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The study is guided by literacy theory and the concept of correctional development (SPPN). The findings indicate that the literacy corner and library program are relatively effective in enhancing inmates’ intellectual capacity. Inmates actively use the library to gain knowledge, engage in positive activities during their free time, and improve their reading and comprehension skills. The program includes activities such as reading, writing book summaries, and participating in group discussions, which contribute to both cognitive and personal development. However, several challenges remain. Not all inmates participate actively in the program, the availability of reading materials is still limited in certain areas, and there is a lack of dedicated literacy mentors to guide and support inmates consistently. In conclusion, the literacy-based development program has a positive impact on inmates’ intellectual growth, but its effectiveness can be further enhanced by increasing participation, expanding library resources, and providing more structured mentoring support. Keywords: Personality Development; Intellectual Development; Library; Literacy

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