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All Journal Technema: Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Computing
Robi Ulsani
Universitas Ratu Samban

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Analysis of the Relationship Between Cost and Time in the Implementation of Construction Projects (Literature Review) Robi Ulsani; Rezi munizar
Technema: Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Computing Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): : June: Technema: Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Computing
Publisher : CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI

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Abstract

Cost and time are two fundamental indicators of construction project success alongside quality. These dimensions exhibit a trade-off relationship in which project acceleration generally increases direct costs, whereas schedule delays tend to increase indirect costs and reduce overall project efficiency. This study aimed to examine, through a literature review, the conceptual relationship between cost and time in construction project implementation, the analytical methods commonly applied to evaluate this relationship, and the key factors influencing cost–time performance. The study employed a descriptive narrative literature review based on national and international journal articles addressing construction project cost, project duration, time–cost trade-off, project delays, and schedule acceleration methods. The findings indicate that cost–time relationships are primarily analyzed using the Critical Path Method (CPM), Time–Cost Trade-Off (TCTO), and Earned Value Management (EVM), each supporting different stages of project planning, optimization, and performance monitoring. The review also identifies design changes, material delivery delays, inadequate project management, and inaccurate cost estimation as the dominant factors influencing project cost and schedule performance. The study concludes that integrated cost and time control from project planning through implementation is essential to improve project efficiency and achieve targeted cost and schedule objectives.
Co-Authors Rezi Munizar