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All Journal JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Tariq A. Kareem
Plant Protection Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriyah- Baghdad, Iraq 00964
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Efficacy of organic and inorganic treatments against Alternaria leaf spot disease of Conocarpus erectus L. in Iraq Eman k. Abdul-Karim; Haneen Abd-Alhaleem Ali; Tariq A. Kareem
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): MARCH, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA: JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PLANT PE
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jhptt.126270-279

Abstract

Severe leaf spot disease has recently been observed on Conocarpus erectus (buttonwood) trees in Iraq, with artificial inoculation resulting in a disease severity of 91.6%. Morphological, microscopic, and molecular analyses using ITS1/ITS4 primers identified Alternaria alternata as the causal agent. Two isolates (Alt.1IQ and Alt.2IQ; GenBank accession numbers OM994386 and OM994387) exhibited 98.05–100% sequence similarity with previously reported Iraqi isolates. In vitro antifungal assays demonstrated that magnesium sulphate, sodium bicarbonate, and neem oil at a concentration of 0.4% inhibited fungal growth by 57.63%, 55.62%, and 50.80%, respectively. Laboratory leaf assays revealed that all tested treatments at 0.2–0.4% completely suppressed fungal development, resulting in 0% affected leaf area compared with 31.96% in the untreated control. Nursery trials showed that neem oil and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective treatments, reducing disease severity to 8.3–16.6% and 8.3–25.0%, respectively, while magnesium sulphate achieved a moderate reduction (24.33–25.0%. The chemical fungicide Coastine 38WG completely prevented disease development (0% severity), whereas untreated seedlings exhibited 91.6% disease severity. Overall, neem oil and sodium bicarbonate at 0.4% emerged as promising eco-friendly alternatives for managing A. alternata –induced leaf spot disease in Conocarpus seedlings. These findings support their potential incorporation into sustainable and integrated disease management strategies aimed at reducing reliance on synthetic fungicides.
The Impact of organic amendments (vermicompost and fermented cow manure) on managing corn stalk rot disease caused by Fusarium incarnatum Dareen S. Jamel; Mena Waleed Hatem; Tariq A. Kareem
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA: JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PLAN
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jhptt.225350-360

Abstract

This study investigated the efficacy of organic amendments, specifically vermicompost (V) and fermented cow manure (C), at application rates of 625 and 1250 kg/dunam, in managing corn stalk rot disease caused by Fusarium incarnatum. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a globally vital crop, making the study of its diseases, such as stalk rot, essential for ensuring food security. Field experiments were conducted on five hybrid corn varieties (DKc6664, DKc6777, GS235982, GS235772 and 2341.Rayal) during the spring season of 2024 in Baghdad, Iraq. The results demonstrated that higher application rates (V. 1250 and C. 1250) significantly reduced disease severity and improved plant growth parameters, including plant height, vegetative mass, and yield components. Vermicompost at 1250 kg/dunam (V. 1250) was particularly effective in reducing disease severity in DKc6664 (16.67%) and DKc6777 (16.67%), while fermented cow manure at 1250 kg/dunam (C. 1250) enhanced root development and seed weight in DKc6777. In contrast, F. incarnatum inoculation consistently increased disease severity across all varieties, with the highest severity observed in GS235982 (91.61%). These findings highlight the potential of organic amendments, especially at higher application rates, to improve corn productivity and manage stalk rot disease, even under pathogen pressure.
Co-Authors Dareen S. Jamel Eman k. Abdul-Karim Haneen Abd-Alhaleem Ali Mena Waleed Hatem