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All Journal SALTeL Journal (Southeast Asia Language Teaching and Learning)
Lee Kok Yueh
Universiti Teknologi Brunei
Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Exploring University Toilet Signage as a Visual Communication Tool Through a Social Semiotics Lens in Brunei Darussalam Siti Nurfarina Hasriana; Lee Kok Yueh
SALTeL Journal (Southeast Asia Language Teaching and Learning) Vol. 7 No. 2: July 2024
Publisher : Association of Language Teachers in Southeast Asia (ALTSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35307/saltel.v7i2.162

Abstract

Primarily, the linguistic landscape acts as a foundation for analysing how social, cultural and political structures are reflected in public signs. While previous studies have mainly focused on the linguistic elements and the semiotic principles of visual signs, this research explores how Brunei universities’ toilet signages are analysed and interpreted through a social semiotics approach. By employing convenience, purposive and snowball sampling, the data collected were from seven local and seven international university students' semi-structured interviews and one focus group discussion, consisting of the local students only. This study employed a social semiotics approach by Halliday (1978) to analyse the visual findings and to guide the interview data analysis gathered. Three major themes emerged based on the findings, namely: 1) Interpretation and user experience, 2) Cultural encoding in signage, and 3) Cross-cultural interpretation gap. These findings revealed that university students’ cultural background and their familiarity influence their interpretation of the signage. Findings also emphasised the dominant use of English in the signage, which raises questions about Malay visibility and institutional preferences. This study implies that although visuals can be similar, their meaning is not fixed but is shaped by individuals’ cultural and social backgrounds. Although the findings correspond to existing literature, limitations include restricted access only to UTB and UBD signage, which influence the findings of the study. Besides, this study only explored university students from UTB and UBD, which excludes other potential public users and staff who might have a different interpretation of the signages. Hence, it is recommended for future research to explore how toilet signage is interpreted in other institutions and how different demographic groups interpret signage as a visual communication tool to expand the research area for more in-depth findings.
University Students’ Attitudes Toward Influencer-Style Pedagogical Delivery: A Cross-National Study of Brunei Darussalam and Indonesia Diyaanah Suhaini; Lee Kok Yueh
SALTeL Journal (Southeast Asia Language Teaching and Learning) Vol. 9 No. 2: July 2026
Publisher : Association of Language Teachers in Southeast Asia (ALTSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35307/saltel.v9i2.183

Abstract

The characteristics of social media influencers (charismatic personas, storytelling, humour and the use of layman’s terms) have increasingly permeated into higher education, but there has been little empirical research on how the delivery of social media influencers influences the attitudes of students in formal university setting, especially in Southeast Asian settings. The study investigates the attitudes of university students towards the use of influencer’s pedagogical style, based on Petty and Cacioppo’s (1986) Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), which distinguishes between the academic content quality (central route) and the stylistic/persona cues (peripheral route). A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted on a convenience sample of 120 students (70 from Brunei Darussalam and 50 from Bandung, Indonesia) with five-point Likert scales and analysed with SPSS with Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression and independent samples t-text. The reliability of all constructs was very high (α = .908 – .951) The results showed that there was a strong and positive correlation between content quality and attitudes (r = .860) and also between stylistic/persona cues and attitudes (r = .796). The overall model accounted 80.2% of the variance in attitude, with content quality being the more powerful predictor (β = .597) and stylistic/persona cues being a significant independent predictor (β = .363). A significant difference in positive attitudes was found between the Indonesian (M – 3.83) and Bruneian (M = 3.51) respondents. Lastly, the study suggests that the influence-pedagogy approach combine intellectual rigour with entertaining presentations and be applied culturally appropriate to each country’s higher education system.
Co-Authors Diyaanah Suhaini Siti Nurfarina Hasriana