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All Journal Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Nariyyah Fitriana
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics

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Analytical agreement between CEDIA immunoassay and HPLC for therapeutic drug monitoring of carbamazepine: a narrative review Munir Alinu Mulki; Nariyyah Fitriana; Yuniar Fathil Ilmi; Marsah Rahmawati Utami
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo Vol 13 No 1 (2025): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2025.13.1.16526

Abstract

speed, simplicity, and cost, but the extent of its agreement with HPLC across diverse clinical contexts requires careful evaluation. Method: This narrative review synthesizes evidence from nine studies identified through Scopus and Google Scholar to assess the analytical agreement and clinical validity of CEDIA and related immunoassay platforms compared to HPLC and advanced chromatographic methods. Results: The reviewed evidence demonstrates strong inter-method correlation, although systematic positive bias in immunoassay results is consistently observed, particularly in patients receiving enzyme-inducing co-medications where carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide accumulation affects antibody cross-reactivity. CEDIA is analytically acceptable for routine CBZ TDM in stable patients on monotherapy. HPLC and LC-MS/MS remain preferable when metabolite quantification, polytherapy monitoring, or precise measurement near therapeutic boundaries is clinically required. Conclusion: Method selection should be guided by the clinical question, patient population characteristics, and available laboratory resources.
Effect of the Amount of Phenoxyethanol as a Preservative in Cosmetic Preparations on the Incidence of Skin Irritating Side Effects: A Review Ailla Az-zahraa; Devi Ratnasari; Diva Valentin; Theresia Natalie Cahyani; Tasya Permata Shella; Muhammad Adit Adzkia; Nariyyah Fitriana
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.12134

Abstract

Phenoxyethanol is one of the most widely used preservatives in the cosmetics industry, commonly found in moisturizers, lotions, facial cleansers, and baby care products. Despite its widespread use, published studies have reported inconsistent findings on its irritant potential across product types and concentration ranges, and no comprehensive review has systematically compared phenoxyethanol irritation outcomes across multiple cosmetic formulations and testing methods. This study aims to analyze the irritation potential of phenoxyethanol as a preservative in various cosmetic formulations through a systematic review approach. This study employed a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines. Data synthesis was conducted using qualitative comparative analysis to systematically compare irritation test outcomes across phenoxyethanol concentration ranges, cosmetic product types, and irritation testing methods (in vivo and in vitro). Findings were grouped into three concentration categories. In the low-concentration group (0.1%–<0.5%), all formulations showed excellent safety profiles, including a face mist containing 0.2% phenoxyethanol with vitamin E and a body scrub cream containing 0.1% phenoxyethanol with DMDM hydantoin, both of which showed no significant irritation in in vivo tests. In the medium concentration group (0.5%–1%), all formulations, including moisturizing gel, body lotion, deodorant stick, blush on cream, hair tonic, and sunscreen lotion, consistently showed no significant irritation across in vivo human panelist tests, animal models, and in vitro HET-CAM testing. In contrast, the high concentration group (>1%), represented by a coffee grounds body scrub cream at 1.5%–1.6%, showed increased irritation. These findings confirm that phenoxyethanol at concentrations of 0.1%–1% is safe and does not cause significant irritation across various cosmetic preparations, supporting the 1% maximum limit established by BPOM Regulation Number 25 of 2025. Exceeding this limit increases the risk of irritation, particularly for individuals with sensitive skin.
Co-Authors Ailla Az-zahraa Devi Ratnasari Diva Valentin Marsah Rahmawati Utami Muhammad Adit Adzkia Munir Alinu Mulki Tasya Permata Shella Theresia Natalie Cahyani Yuniar Fathil Ilmi