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Agus Riyadi
Bhinneka PGRI University, Tulungagung, Indonesia

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The Effect of Collaborative Learning Models, Independent Learning, and Self-Confidence on IPAS Problem-Solving Skills Agus Riyadi; Dian Septi Nur; M. Abdul Roziq Asrori
Salus Publica: Journal of Community Service Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Salus Publica: Journal of Community Service

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58905/saluspublica.v4i2.583

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the effect of collaborative learning models, independent learning, and self-confidence on the problem-solving abilities of IPAS students at Pakel 2 Public Elementary School. Using an ex post facto quantitative approach, the research sample consisted of 52 students. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. The results showed that simultaneously, the three independent variables had a significant effect on problem-solving skills with a contribution (R2) of 83.4%. Partially, the collaborative learning model was the strongest predictor. These findings indicate the need to integrate collaborative strategies supported by strengthening students' internal character.