<![CDATA[The increasing mobility of foreign nationals entering Indonesia has created both opportunities and challenges in the implementation of immigration law enforcement. While the presence of foreign nationals contributes to economic growth, investment, education, and tourism, it also presents potential risks related to immigration violations and national security. One of the most significant concerns is the misuse of residence permits by foreign nationals who engage in activities inconsistent with the purposes of their stay permits. Such violations not only undermine immigration regulations but also have the potential to affect national stability and public order. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of supervision over foreign nationals' residence permits and examine the challenges and optimization efforts in strengthening immigration law enforcement from a national security perspective. This research employs a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were collected through literature studies involving laws and regulations, scientific journals, books, official reports, and relevant academic sources concerning immigration supervision, residence permits, and national security. The findings indicate that the supervision of residence permits has been carried out through administrative and field monitoring mechanisms. However, various challenges remain, including limited human resources, increasing numbers of foreign nationals, weak inter-agency coordination, technological limitations, and evolving patterns of immigration violations. Therefore, strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing inter-agency cooperation, utilizing information technology, and improving immigration supervision policies are necessary to improve the effectiveness of immigration law enforcement. Effective supervision of residence permits is essential not only for maintaining immigration order but also for safeguarding national sovereignty and security.]]>
