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Jamaluddin
Postgraduate Student at Indonesian Muslim University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Determinants of Criminal Behavior in Society: A Socio-Legal and Criminological Analysis Jamaluddin
Masterpiece Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : www.amertainstitute.com

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65246/mjssi.v21.537

Abstract

Crime is a persistent social phenomenon closely linked to the dynamics of societal life. Its occurrence is influenced by a complex interplay of economic, social, cultural, psychological, and institutional factors. This study aims to examine the determinants of criminal behavior in society and to identify effective strategies for crime prevention. The research employs a normative juridical method with conceptual and sociological approaches, relying on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources collected through literature review. The findings reveal that economic hardship, including poverty and unemployment, serves as a primary driver of criminal activity. In addition, low levels of education contribute to limited legal awareness and reduced employment opportunities, thereby increasing the likelihood of deviant behavior. Social environmental factors, such as peer influence, weak social control, and unfavorable community conditions, further reinforce criminal tendencies. Family-related issues, including lack of supervision and dysfunctional relationships, also play a significant role. Moreover, psychological conditions, ineffective law enforcement, and rapid technological development—particularly in the digital sphere—have expanded opportunities for new forms of crime. This study concludes that crime is a multidimensional issue requiring comprehensive and integrated responses. Effective crime prevention should combine preventive, repressive, and rehabilitative measures, including improving socioeconomic welfare, strengthening education, enhancing law enforcement, and promoting responsible use of technology.
Criminal Law Reform and the Quest for Justice and Legal Certainty: A Normative Analysis in the Indonesian Context Jamaluddin
Masterpiece Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : www.amertainstitute.com

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65246/mjssi.v21.538

Abstract

Criminal law reform represents a strategic effort to modernize the legal system in response to evolving societal dynamics, particularly in achieving a balance between justice and legal certainty. In Indonesia, the existing criminal law framework, largely influenced by colonial legacies, is often considered inadequate in addressing contemporary legal challenges, including the rise of complex and transnational crimes. This study aims to examine the urgency of criminal law reform from the perspectives of justice and legal certainty and to identify the ideal direction for such reform. The research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches through an extensive review of legal doctrines, regulations, and scholarly literature. The findings reveal that criminal law reform is essential to reconcile the tension between substantive justice and formal legal certainty, which often coexist in imbalance within legal practice. The study highlights the importance of integrating restorative justice principles, enhancing the clarity and consistency of legal norms, and strengthening law enforcement institutions to ensure fair and predictable legal outcomes. Furthermore, legal reform must encompass not only regulatory changes but also institutional improvement and the development of legal culture within society. In conclusion, a comprehensive and adaptive approach to criminal law reform is necessary to establish a legal system that is responsive, equitable, and capable of addressing modern societal needs while maintaining legal certainty
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