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Nopa Dwi Maulidiany
Universitas Indonesia
Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Kajian Sistematik Identifikasi Permasalahan Utama Dalam Pengolahan Setempat Limbah Cair Black Water Pada Negara Berkembang Berdasarkan Shit Flow Diagram Nur Faizeh; Nopa Dwi Maulidiany
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Juli 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Sekitar 40% populasi dunia, terutama di wilayah pedesaan, masih belum memiliki akses terhadap layanan sanitasi dasar yang layak. Sistem pengelolaan air limbah setempat (onsite sanitation system) lebih banyak diterapkan di daerah pedesaan karena dinilai lebih ekonomis dan mudah diimplementasikan dibandingkan sistem terpusat (offsite). Namun, efektivitas sistem onsite sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi komponen rantai layanannya, meliputi penampungan (containment), pengurasan (emptying), pengangkutan lumpur tinja (transport), serta fasilitas pengolahan (treatment). Kegagalan pada salah satu tahapan tersebut dapat mengakibatkan kebocoran dan pencemaran lingkungan. Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) merupakan instrumen visual yang efektif untuk memetakan kondisi infrastruktur sanitasi serta mengidentifikasi titik kritis dalam rantai pengelolaan limbah, mulai dari sumber hingga pembuangan akhir. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan sistematik dengan metode Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis permasalahan utama dalam pengelolaan limbah cair black water setempat di negara berkembang berdasarkan kerangka SFD. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan yang dihadapi bersifat multidimensional, meliputi aspek teknis, operasional, finansial, kelembagaan, serta sosial-budaya di setiap tahapan rantai sanitasi.
A Review on The Enhancement of Biogas Production Through Pre-Treatment of Domestic Wastewater Sludge for Methane Gas Utilization Almalita Mardiah; Nopa Dwi Maulidiany
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Juli 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a prevalent and cost-effective method for managing domestic wastewater sludge, often accounting for 20–60% of plant operational costs. This process supports the circular economy by converting organic matter in Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) into renewable biogas. However, WAS is notoriously resistant to degradation due to complex compounds, such as lignocellulose and Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS), which severely impede hydrolysis. Therefore, pre-treatment is essential to modify the sludge structure, solubilise organics, accelerate hydrolysis, and enhance methane production. This systematic literature review, conducted according to the PRISMA Checklist 2020, analyses the effectiveness of various pre-treatment methods (mechanical, chemical, physico-chemical, biological, and combined) on domestic sludge. The review found that methane production enhancement varied widely, from 0% to an exceptional 524%, depending on the method and operational parameters. Significantly, combined techniques, such as High-Pressure Homogenisation (HPH) paired with Free Nitrous Acid (FNA), achieved the highest reported increase in methane yield, reaching 524%.
Co-Authors Almalita Mardiah Nur Faizeh