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All Journal Eureka Herba Indonesia Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Moon Kaeun
Department of Family Medicine, Rarotonga Medical Center, Rarotonga, Cook Islands
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Otitis Media and Upper Respiratory Infection Health Loss in 11 Current ASEAN Member States, 1990–2023 Imanuel Simbolon; Muhammad Rusli; Moon Kaeun
Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjorl.v4i1.321

Abstract

Background: Otitis media and upper respiratory infections (URIs) are distinct Global Burden of Disease (GBD) causes but form a clinically relevant comparative pair for otorhinolaryngology. Objective: To quantify their health loss in 11 current ASEAN member states. Methods: We analysed GBD 2023 estimates for both sexes from 1990 to 2023. Outcomes were all-age disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) numbers, age-standardized DALY rates, and DALY numbers and rates at ages 0–14 years. Country-specific estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) used log-linear regression with Newey–West 95% confidence intervals. Analyses were descriptive and non-causal. Results: The sum of 11 national URI DALY point estimates increased from 372,296 in 1990 to 476,741 in 2023 (+28.1%), while the unweighted cross-country median age-standardized rate fell 10.9% to 66.2 per 100,000. Otitis media DALYs increased from 175,399 to 191,971 (+9.4%), while the corresponding median rate fell 19.7% to 29.0 per 100,000. All 22 country-cause EAPC point estimates were negative. Thailand had the highest 2023 URI rate and Cambodia the highest otitis media rate. Ages 0–14 years accounted for 35.8% and 39.1% of summed URI and otitis media DALYs, respectively. Conclusion: Declining standardized rates coexisted with increasing absolute health loss. DALYs provide a planning signal rather than measured clinical workload; translation into otolaryngology services requires local diagnostic, hearing, referral, and capacity data.
Precision Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Zingiber officinale Polysaccharides Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice Rachmat Hidayat; Moon Kaeun; Sonya Syarifah
Eureka Herba Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Eureka Herba Indonesia
Publisher : HM Publisher in collaboration with CMHC Research Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/ehi.v7i2.146

Abstract

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a rising cause of chronic gastrointestinal morbidity in Asia, and mesalazine-refractory disease drives demand for affordable adjunctive phytotherapies. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae; Indonesian jahe) rhizome polysaccharides (ZOP) remain under-studied despite escaping upper-gut digestion and reaching the colon for saccharolytic fermentation. Objective: To characterize standardized ZOP from Indonesian ginger rhizome and to evaluate their dose-dependent efficacy against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, benchmarked against mesalazine. Methods: ZOP were prepared by hot-water extraction, Sevag deproteinization and ethanol precipitation (molecular weight 1.8×104–6.4×105 Da; galacturonic-acid–rhamnose–arabinose–xylose–glucose backbone). Sixty male BALB/c mice were randomized into six groups (n = 10): normal control; DSS 3% w/v; DSS plus mesalazine 100 mg/kg; and DSS plus ZOP 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day by oral gavage for 14 days. Results: High-dose ZOP reduced the Disease Activity Index from 3.62 ± 0.19 to 1.08 ± 0.12 (p < 0.001), preserved colon length (7.2 ± 0.20 versus 5.1 ± 0.26 cm), lowered histology score (3.8 ± 0.24 versus 9.8 ± 0.41) and colonic myeloperoxidase (2.14 ± 0.17 versus 6.18 ± 0.29 U/g), and restored Shannon α-diversity (3.56 ± 0.13 versus 2.14 ± 0.18). It expanded Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia, contracted Proteobacteria, raised caecal butyrate 5.8-fold and up-regulated claudin-1, occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and mucin-2 (all p < 0.001). The high dose equalled or exceeded mesalazine on multiple endpoints. Conclusion: Standardized ginger rhizome polysaccharides reshape the gut microbiota, augment short-chain fatty-acid generation, restore mucosal barrier integrity and suppress colonic inflammation, supporting development as a complementary phytotherapy for Indonesian UC.
Co-Authors Imanuel Simbolon Muhammad Rusli Rachmat Hidayat Sonya Syarifah