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All Journal Andalas Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology International Journal of Wireless And Multimedia Communications
Zurnawita
Politeknik Negeri Padang
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering

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Evaluation of 5G NR NSA Deployment on FR1 (Sub-6 GHz) in Bukittinggi Sri Yusnita; Siska Aulia; Dikky Chandra; Zurnawita; Miro Dhino Laskar Ashanto
Andalas Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Electrical Engineering Dept, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajeeet.v6i1.199

Abstract

This study evaluates the deployment of 5G New Radio (NR) Non-Standalone (NSA) operating on Frequency Range 1 (FR1) Sub-6 GHz in Bukittinggi, Indonesia. Field measurements were conducted using drive test methods to assess key performance indicators, including RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, and throughput. The results show that all measured RSRP values exceed –95 dBm, indicating good signal coverage across the test area. Approximately 71% of SINR samples are above 0 dB and 80% of RSRQ values exceed –17 dB, reflecting relatively stable channel conditions. However, 77% of throughput measurements remain below 10 Mbps, suggesting that achievable data rates remain moderate despite good signal quality. The analysis indicates that SINR has a stronger impact on throughput compared to RSRP and RSRQ. Although 5G NR NSA demonstrates superior signal quality compared to LTE, 4G LTE achieves higher data speeds at the measurement location. These findings highlight the influence of NSA architecture, bandwidth limitations in FR1 Sub-6 GHz, and network optimization factors on overall 5G performance.
Impact of Frequency Bands on 4G LTE Coverage Planning: A Comparative Study in Padang City Dipal Irpandi; Siska Aulia; Zurnawita
International Journal of Wireless And Multimedia Communications Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Wireless And Multimedia Communications
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62671/xyqm2b31

Abstract

The rapid growth of mobile data services has intensified demand for reliable 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) coverage in urban areas with heterogeneous terrain. This study investigates the coverage performance of 4G LTE networks across four frequency bands—900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, and 2300 MHz deployed in four sub-districts of Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia: Padang Utara, Padang Timur, Padang Barat, and Padang Selatan, totaling 33.26 km². Coverage characteristics are evaluated through link budget analysis, Maximum Allowable Path Loss (MAPL) computation, and Atoll-based radio propagation simulation. The Okumura-Hata model is applied for 900 MHz, while the COST-231 Hata model is used for 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, and 2300 MHz. Key performance indicators include Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) as the primary coverage metric, Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) as a quality indicator, and throughput as a supporting metric. Results show that 900 MHz achieves the widest coverage with a mean RSRP of −59.96 dBm (95.9% Excellent) using only 4 sites, while 2100 MHz yields the weakest mean RSRP of −87.51 dBm despite 21 sites. The 2300 MHz band—though highest in frequency—outperforms 2100 MHz in both RSRP and SINR due to its denser 33-site deployment. These findings confirm the fundamental trade-off between operating frequency, path loss, cell radius, and required site density in urban LTE deployment, and provide practical guidance for multi-band network planning in complex urban environments.
Co-Authors Dikky Chandra Dipal Irpandi Miro Dhino Laskar Ashanto Siska Aulia Sri Yusnita