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All Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Shamsudeen Muhammad Muhammad
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Engineering Environmental Science Physics Social Sciences Other

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Antibacterial Activity of Khaya senegalensis Stem Bark Against Salmonella typhi Isolated from Meat Handling Environments Saadu Murtala; Shamsudeen Muhammad Muhammad; Samson Blessing Damilola
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.9047

Abstract

Against the backdrop of escalating antibiotic resistance, medicinal plants continue to attract attention as potential sources of alternative antibacterial agents. This study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of crude ethanol stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis against environmental isolates of Salmonella typhi recovered from slaughter slab surfaces and meat handlers’ aprons. The stem bark extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, while environmental swab samples were cultured for the isolation and biochemical identification of S. typhi. Antibacterial activity was assessed at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 100 mg/mL using the agar well diffusion method, whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined through standard broth dilution and subculturing procedures. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, with statistical significance set at p < .05. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The extract demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against all tested isolates, with mean zones of inhibition ranging from 8.00 ± 1.15 mm to 16.00 ± 1.53 mm. The MIC values ranged from 25 to 50 mg/mL, while the MBC was 100 mg/mL for all isolates. Significant differences in antibacterial activity were observed across extract concentrations for most isolates. These findings indicate that K. senegalensis stem bark possesses appreciable antibacterial activity against environmental Salmonella typhi isolates, thereby supporting its traditional medicinal use. The study contributes to the growing evidence that Khaya senegalensis may serve as a promising natural source of antibacterial compounds for addressing antimicrobial resistance and controlling foodborne infections.
Assessment of Plasma Interferon Gamma among Adult Patients with Hepatitis B Infection in Kebbi State, Nigeria Ibrahim S.G; M.B Danlami; Bagudo A.I.; Aliero A.A.; Jabaka R.D; Y.K. Danladi; Ukatu V.E.; Abdulazeez Aisha Folake; Ibrahim Abubakar Muhammad; Shamsudeen Muhammad Muhammad; Murtala Sa&#039;adu
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 4 No 4 (2026): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v4i4.9953

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global public health concern, particularly in Nigeria. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), a critical cytokine in antiviral immunity, may influence disease progression and immune regulation. This study assessed plasma IFN-γ levels among adults with HBV infection and examined their associations with sociodemographic characteristics. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital in Birnin Kebbi, involving 400 adults screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Plasma IFN-γ concentrations in HBsAg-positive participants were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while sociodemographic data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Of the 400 participants, 170 (42.5%) tested positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence was observed among participants aged 20–29 years (52.9%) and males (64.8%), while students (26.5%) and civil servants (24.8%) recorded the highest occupational prevalence. Mean plasma IFN-γ levels were slightly higher in females (8.02 ± 2.46 pg/mL) than in males (7.89 ± 2.49 pg/mL), although the difference was not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05). No significant correlations were found between IFN-γ levels and age or occupation. The findings demonstrate a high prevalence of HBV infection among young adults, particularly males, while plasma IFN-γ concentrations did not vary significantly across the examined sociodemographic groups. This study provides context-specific evidence on HBV prevalence and cytokine profiles in Kebbi State and underscores the need for youth-focused HBV education and vaccination programs.
Co-Authors Abdulazeez Aisha Folake Aliero A.A. Bagudo A.I. Ibrahim Abubakar Muhammad Ibrahim S.G Jabaka R.D M.B Danlami Murtala Sa&#039;adu Saadu Murtala Samson Blessing Damilola Ukatu V.E. Y.K. Danladi