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All Journal Integrated Science Education Journal Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Terapan
Fatullah Faing
Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences

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Cooling Media–Driven Shift in Dominant Machining Mechanisms: A Taguchi-Based Optimization of Surface Roughness in CNC Milling of S45C Steel Fatullah Faing; Eko Yudo; Zaldy Kurniawan
Integrated Science Education Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/isej.v7i1.2643

Abstract

Purpose of the study: Is to optimize the surface roughness in CNC milling of S45C steel using two types of cooling media: Dromus and radiator water. Methodology: This study employed the Taguchi experimental design method to compare cooling media. Three main machining parameters, namely spindle speed, depth of cut, and feed rate, were examined at three levels using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. In addition, two different cooling media, namely radiator water and Dromus, were applied to investigate their effects on surface integrity. Surface roughness values ​​were measured using a standard surface roughness tester and analyzed using the Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio, with the results supported by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Main Findings: The results demonstrate that cooling media play a decisive role not only in reducing surface roughness but also in shifting the dominant machining parameter. Under radiator water cooling, spindle speed was the most influential factor, contributing 45.67% to surface roughness variation. In contrast, when Dromus was applied, depth of cut became the dominant parameter with a contribution of 63.40%. Dromus consistently produced lower surface roughness values and higher S/N ratios, indicating improved thermal control and process stability. The optimal machining condition was identified at a spindle speed of 1910 rpm, a depth of cut of 0.2 mm, and a feed rate of 330 mm/min. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study lies in revealing how cooling media fundamentally alter surface formation mechanisms and parameter dominance, offering new insights for adaptive and efficient CNC milling optimization strategies.
Analisis Perbandingan Pengaruh Media Pendingin Dromus dan Air Radiator Terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Baja S45C Pada Proses CNC Miliing Fatullah Faing; Eko Yudo; Zaldy Kurniawan
Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Terapan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Terapan
Publisher : Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33504/jitt.v4i2.430

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the comparative effect of Dromus and radiator water cooling media on the surface roughness of S45C steel in the CNC Milling machining process. The quality of the machined surface is a critical indicator in the manufacturing industry, necessitating parameter optimization to achieve maximum efficiency. The Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array experimental design was used to evaluate the influence of three process parameters: spindle speed, depth of cut, and feed rate. Tests were conducted with three replications for each combination, and data were analyzed using the Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio calculation with the "smaller-is-better" category and ANOVA to determine the contribution of each factor. The results showed that Dromus cooling media consistently provided lower and more stable surface roughness values compared to radiator water. The optimal parameter combination found was a spindle speed of 1910 rpm, a depth of cut of 0.2 mm, and a feed rate of 330 mm/min. Contribution analysis revealed that when using Dromus, the depth of cut was the most dominant factor (63.40%), whereas with radiator water, spindle speed was the primary factor influencing surface roughness (45.67%).
Co-Authors Eko Yudo Zaldy Kurniawan