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All Journal Annales Bogorienses
Andri Wardiana
National Research and Inovation Agency (BRIN)

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Mini Review: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Alfi Taufik Fathurahman; Sri Swasthikawati; Herman Irawan; Dadang Supriatna; Andri Wardiana
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 25 No. 2 (2021): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

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Abstract

Cancer, a non-communicable illness, is the leading cause of death worldwide. In 2030, cancer is expected to exceed 21 million cases and 13 million cancer deaths globally. One of the most prevalent and significant types is prostate cancer (PCa). It is commonly associated with adenocarcinoma, which develops from the mucous glands within the organ. This review highlights available detection systems, and therapeutic options in PCa management. One prevention of deadly PCa is early diagnoses, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening or genomic profiling. Further testing like MRI or CT scan may also be needed to detect cancers that have progressed to other body regions. There are several possible treatments for PCa, including watchful cancer waiting, surgery, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Based on current studies, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with docetaxel therapy enhanced great results to treat advanced PCa. The latest development, called theranostics, is a single entity that can perform both diagnostic and therapeutic functions. It can detect disease borders, track therapy in real-time, and provide prognostic data. The FDA has already authorized two prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) devices: including Gallium 68 PSMA-11 (Ga 68 PSMA-11) and Pylarify (piflufolastat F 18).
Mini Review: GLP-1 Modification, Development, and Improvement Fedric Intan Damai; Gracia Christine Lembong Purwanto; Andri Wardiana; Popi Hadi Wisnuwardhani; Dian Fitria Agustiyanti; Alfi Taufiq Fathurahman; Ratih Asmana Ningrum
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 26 No. 1 (2022): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/ann.bogor.2022.v26.n1.1-12

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM-2) is the condition where the body comes to be insensitive or even resistant towards insulin, thus resulting in deficient insulin secretion from beta cells in the pancreas. Compared with the available treatments, Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is considered a natural treatment to cure DM-2 due to its characteristic as an incretin hormone, where one of its functions is to improve insulin secretion and enhance beta-cell glucose sensitivity. However, GLP-1 has a limitation, which is a rapid half-life due to active degradation activities in the body. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to develop and improve the pharmacological activity of GLP-1 through structural modification and yield improvement, which are thoroughly reviewed in this paper. Structural modification of GLP-1 covers amino acid substitutions by referring to the GLP-1 analog, Exendin4, to prevent the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) degradation activity and protein fusion with an additional chain to extend the half-life during administration. The yield improvement at the overexpression of GLP-1 tandem repeats sequences can increase the transcribed genes’ yield. The studies show that specific amino acid substitutions and IgG heavy chain constant regions or Fc-based fusion genes successfully enhance the pharmacological activities of GLP-1. At the same time, Pichia pastoris expression system managed to yield 219.2 mg/l target protein, where the purified target protein is capable of producing 10× yield of a single GLP analog. Further research could include the utilization of these findings in vitro as a GLP-1 analog-based therapeutics to treat DM-2.
Co-Authors Alfi Taufik Fathurahman Alfi Taufiq Fathurahman Dadang Supriatna Dian Fitria Agustiyanti Fedric Intan Damai Gracia Christine Lembong Purwanto Herman Irawan Popi Hadi Wisnuwardhani Ratih Asmana Ningrum Sri Swasthikawati