Haruki Agustina
Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Sustainable Development, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10430

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Baseline study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occurrence in surface raw water and treated drinking water Okta Lian Atikah; Haruki Agustina; Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo
Environmental and Materials Vol. 4 No. 1: (June) 2026
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v4i1.2026.3772

Abstract

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging contamintants that has become global concern due to their adverse environmental and health impacts. However, information regarding PFAS contamination in river-derived drinking water systems in developing countries, including Indonesia, remains very limited. This study aimed to analyze nineteen PFAS compounds in raw water, treated drinking water, and Reverse Osmosis (RO) reject water from the Mookervart Drinking Water Treatment Plant, Jakarta, Indonesia, evaluate its potential human risk, and mitigation strategies. Methods: Analysis of water samples was done using LC-MS/MS. Findings: Nine PFAS detected with ∑PFAS concentrations reaching 758.94 ng/L and 1219.35 ng/L in raw water and drinking water, respectively. Long-chain PFAS compounds, particularly PFOS and PFOA, were effectively removed by the RO unit, highlighting the importance of advanced treatment technologies in reducing potential human exposure risks. In contrast, PFBA remained substantially high in treated drinking water and exceeded the European Union drinking water threshold. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of strategic PFAS management through source-control mitigation, establishment of drinking water standards, and implementation of Best Available Techniques (BAT). Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provide first baseline data on PFAS contamination in surface water-derived drinking water in Jakarta supporting future PFAS monitoring and mitigation efforts.
Greenhouse gas mitigation from polyethylene terephthalate waste recovery in an urban waste system Risanti Delphia; Dwi Nowo Martono; Haruki Agustina
Applied Environmental Science Vol. 4 No. 1: (July) 2026
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3746

Abstract

Background: The waste management sector significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly through landfilling and open burning practices in developing countries. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste constitutes a substantial fraction of municipal solid waste and may generate considerable emissions when improperly managed. Previous studies have mainly employed life cycle assessment approaches, while facility-level inventory-based assessments remain limited. This study aims to quantify the greenhouse gas mitigation potential of a PET material recovery system using a location-specific inventory approach. Methods: An Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 greenhouse gas inventory method was applied within a gate-to-gate system boundary covering collection and material recovery activities. Primary operational data were obtained from a PET material recovery facility in Depok City, Indonesia, with an annual processing capacity of 233,038 kg. Emissions from electricity consumption, transportation, and residual impurities were calculated and compared with a Business-as-Usual scenario consisting of landfilling and open burning. Findings: The material recovery system generated 39.29 t CO₂e/year, equivalent to 0.17 kg CO₂e/kg PET, while the Business-as-Usual scenario produced 363.54 t CO₂e/year or 1.56 kg CO₂e/kg PET, resulting in an emission reduction potential of 324.25 t CO₂e/year. These results indicate that PET material recovery systems generate substantially lower emissions than conventional disposal practices, supporting the role of circular waste management strategies in greenhouse gas mitigation. Conclusion: PET material recovery systems provide significant greenhouse gas mitigation benefits and represent an effective strategy for reducing emissions in the urban waste sector. Operational efficiency and impurity management were identified as important factors influencing emission reduction performance. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a facility-level empirical greenhouse gas inventory using an IPCC Tier 2 approach, providing context-specific evidence beyond conventional life cycle assessment studies.
Comparative analysis of seasonal air quality around an industrial area: A case study using air dispersion modelling and pollution index assessment Prestisia Intan Nurcahyani Kusumaningtyas; Wezia Berkademi; Haruki Agustina
Applied Environmental Science Vol. 4 No. 1: (July) 2026
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3811

Abstract

Background: Manufacturing activities in industrial areas use thermal energy, electricity, and material processing that may generate combustion gases and particulate emissions to the surrounding environment. An integrated interpretation is needed because source-oriented dispersion modeling explains potential spatial exposure, while the Indonesian Air Pollutant Standard Index (ISPU) translates ambient concentrations into air quality categories relevant for regulatory control and environmental management. Methods: An original case study was developed for an industrial manufacturing facility in Banten, Indonesia. Secondary production data, ambient air monitoring data, and meteorological scenarios were combined with 24-hour American Meteorological Society and Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) dispersion outputs for rainy and dry seasons. Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, fine particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide were assessed, and ambient concentrations were converted into the Air Pollutant Standard Index according to Indonesian regulation. Findings: The dry season produced higher modeled concentrations for all pollutants. Carbon monoxide increased from 42.745 to 51.226 µg/m³, nitrogen oxides from 467.8 to 561 µg/m³, fine particulate matter from 274 to 329 µg/m³, and sulfur dioxide from 483.9 to 580 µg/m³. Integrated analysis of AERMOD and ISPU showed that, although carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide remained in the good category, fine particulate matter reached an ISPU value of 68.68 (moderate), identifying it as the priority pollutant because seasonal dispersion patterns were consistent with regulatory air quality classification. Conclusion: The integration of dispersion modelling and ISPU calculation identifies fine particulate matter as the main ambient air priority despite acceptable monitored concentrations. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study integrates seasonal AERMOD dispersion modelling with ISPU assessment to identify priority pollutants by combining spatial dispersion patterns with regulatory air quality classification.