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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Escalate : Economics and Business Journal
Nadila Aprilianti
Universitas Riau
Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Kesenjangan Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan di Indonesia: Analisis Konseptual dalam Konteks Perkembangan Financial Technology Nadila Aprilianti; Bunga Lestari; Mutia Rahayu; Musdalifah Musdalifah; Muhammad Ridho Alfarisi; Khaisa Kayana; Junita Sari Br Sitorus; Elisa Goretti Sitio; Surya Juliandri
RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Mei-Juli
Publisher : Prodi Bisnis Digital Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/riggs.v5i2.9571

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis kesenjangan antara literasi dan inklusi keuangan di Indonesia melalui pendekatan analisis konseptual dan tinjauan literatur sistematis. Berdasarkan data Survei Nasional Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan (SNLIK) 2025 yang dirilis oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), indeks inklusi keuangan Indonesia telah mencapai 92,74% (metode DNKI), sementara indeks literasi keuangan hanya sebesar 66,64%, menghasilkan gap sebesar 26,10 poin persentase. Kesenjangan ini paling tajam pada kelompok usia 15–17 tahun dengan selisih mencapai 22,32 poin yang mengindikasikan bahwa penetrasi layanan keuangan digital telah melampaui kapasitas pemahaman penggunanya. Artikel ini menjelaskan fenomena tersebut melalui empat kerangka teoritis: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Financial Socialization Theory, dan Human Capital Theory. Temuan konseptual menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan financial technology (fintech) berperan sebagai amplifier kesenjangan karena desain platform yang mengutamakan kemudahan akses di atas pemahaman pengguna, sementara infrastruktur literasi keuangan melalui pendidikan formal dan sosialisasi komunitas belum berkembang secara sebanding. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi meningkatkan risiko pengambilan keputusan keuangan yang kurang tepat serta memperbesar kerentanan masyarakat terhadap penyalahgunaan layanan keuangan digital. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa upaya mempersempit gap memerlukan intervensi terpadu: integrasi edukasi keuangan dalam kurikulum formal, regulasi yang mewajibkan platform fintech mengintegrasikan fitur literasi, penguatan perlindungan konsumen digital, serta kolaborasi lintas sektor yang menjangkau hingga tingkat desa guna menciptakan masyarakat yang tidak hanya memiliki akses terhadap layanan keuangan, tetapi juga memiliki kemampuan memahami serta memanfaatkannya secara lebih bijak dan bertanggung jawab.
Market Dynamics, Business Strategy, and Performance of the Telecommunications Industry in Indonesia for the 2021-2025 Period Aura Bunga Radinda; Nadila Aprilianti; M.Yusuf Ramadhan; Azhura Nur Lathifah; Iqbal Syaputra; Keira Desma Dea; Zhafrand Fitra Irawan
Escalate : Economics and Business Journal Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): Escalate : Economics and Business Journal
Publisher : Takaza Innovatix Labs Ltd.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61536/escalate.v4i4.891

Abstract

This study analyzes market concentration, market dynamics, corporate strategies, and company performance in the Indonesian telecommunications industry during 2021–2025 using the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) approach. This quantitative descriptive study uses secondary data from annual financial reports and purposive sampling based on revenue and data availability. The study identifies ten companies in the annual sample, comprising cellular operators and telecommunications infrastructure providers. However, the combined observation list contains eleven company codes across the five-year period because Smartfren was reported independently from 2021 to 2024 and ceased to appear as a separate reporting entity following its merger with XL Axiata in 2025, while Bali Towerindo entered the observed list in 2025. Market concentration is measured using the Concentration Ratio of the four largest companies (CR4) and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) under two scenarios. Scenario A combines cellular operators and telecommunications infrastructure providers, whereas Scenario B focuses exclusively on cellular operators. The results show that CR4 in Scenario A remained above 89% and reached 94% in 2025, while Scenario B recorded a CR4 of 100% throughout the observation period. The HHI exceeded 2,500 in both scenarios, indicating a highly concentrated market under the stated classification. Concentration declined during 2021–2024 before increasing in 2025 following the XL Axiata–Smartfren merger. These findings indicate a structural increase in market concentration after the merger, but do not establish that competition is weak in every dimension or that higher concentration necessarily improves company performance.
Co-Authors Aura Bunga Radinda Azhura Nur Lathifah Bunga Lestari Elisa Goretti Sitio Iqbal Syaputra Junita Sari Br Sitorus Keira Desma Dea Khaisa Kayana M.Yusuf Ramadhan Muhammad Ridho Alfarisi Musdalifah Musdalifah Mutia Rahayu Surya Juliandri Zhafrand Fitra Irawan