<![CDATA[Renewable energy infrastructure projects are increasingly promoted as solutions to climate change and sustainable development, yet they often generate environmental controversies that extend beyond their technical characteristics. This study examines how media framing contributes to the social amplification of environmental risk by using the Batangtoru Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP) controversy in Indonesia as a longitudinal case study. Drawing upon Environmental Communication, Media Framing Theory, and the Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF), the study explores how localized ecological concerns are transformed into broader narratives of environmental threat through media discourse. A qualitative research design was employed using longitudinal media framing analysis of online news coverage published between 2017 and 2025. Relevant news articles were selected through purposive sampling, systematically coded, and analyzed using NVivo 15 to identify the evolution of dominant environmental frames, changes in media sentiment, and patterns of stakeholder visibility. The findings indicate that media narratives evolved progressively from an initial emphasis on biodiversity conservation toward broader concerns related to environmental risk, potential disasters, governance issues, and scientific controversy. This transformation was accompanied by increasingly negative media sentiment and the growing prominence of media institutions and environmental advocacy groups as key amplification actors. Consistent with SARF, the results suggest that media do not merely represent environmental issues but actively contribute to the amplification and discursive escalation of environmental risk over time. The study contributes to environmental communication scholarship by integrating media framing and risk amplification perspectives to explain how sustainability controversies evolve in the context of renewable energy infrastructure projects.]]>
