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All Journal Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis
Faisal Syafri Azmi
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Implementasi Memorandum Of Understanding Antara Indonesia dan UNHCR dalam Perlindungan Pengungsi Asing di Indonesia: Suatu Analisis Normatif dalam Perspektif Hukum Perjanjian Internasional. Hera Fitria Nuriana; Faisal Syafri Azmi
Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Tema Hukum Internasional
Publisher : Himpunan Ilmu Hukum dan Ilmu Hukum Islam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56370/jhlg.v7i1.2635

Abstract

This research analyzes the legal status and implementation of the MoU in the practice of refugee management. The findings indicate that, formally, the MoU does not constitute a legally binding treaty under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 and Law No. 24 of 2000 on International Agreements. Substantively, the implementation of the MoU has failed to transform human rights protection commitments. This failure is reflected in legal status uncertainty, inadequate accommodation facilities, and the dominance of an immigration security paradigm. The study ultimately demonstrates that the MoU represents a deliberate yet fragile policy choice, thereby necessitating reinforcement through more comprehensive national regulations to ensure the protection of refugees’ human rights.
Pelanggaran Hukum Laut Internasional dalam Konflik Selat Hormuz: Tindakan Iran, Amerika Serikat dan Problematika Penegakan Hukum Internasional faisal syafri azmi
Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Tema Hukum Internasional
Publisher : Himpunan Ilmu Hukum dan Ilmu Hukum Islam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56370/jhlg.v7i1.3830

Abstract

The escalation of the US-Iran conflict since February 2026 has made the Strait of Hormuz a center of international maritime law dispute. This normative legal research employs statute, case and conceptual approaches to analyze both states' violations of international law and the failure of enforcement mechanisms. The findings indicate that Iran's actions contravene UNCLOS norms—partially recognized as international customary law—including discriminatory navigation practices and restrictions on transit passage rights. Meanwhile, the United States violates Article 2(4) and Article 51 of the UN Charter through unilateral blockade without UN Security Council mandate and misuse of self-defense rights. International law enforcement fails due to ITLOS jurisdiction limitations and UN Security Council deadlock caused by the veto power. This condition creates a legal vacuum that places power above law in international dispute resolution.
Co-Authors Hera Fitria Nuriana