<![CDATA[Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CRF) necessitates life-sustaining hemodialysis, a demanding treatment frequently complicated by debilitating anxiety. Addressing this psychological burden is critical for comprehensive patient care. This literature review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of spiritual support interventions in alleviating anxiety among patients with CRF undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Springer Link, and ProQuest databases. Inclusion criteria encompassed full-text primary research articles published in English or Indonesian between 2017 and 2024 that investigated spiritual interventions in this specific demographic. Outcomes across the reviewed studies were assessed using various validated psychometric tools, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES), among other standardized questionnaires. Results: Analysis of the ten eligible studies demonstrated that spiritual interventions specifically supportive education, counseling, and the practice of reading or listening to prayers were consistently associated with significantly reduced anxiety levels. Notably, these modalities proved versatile and safe, capable of being implemented independently or synergistically within daily routine care with no reported adverse effects. Conclusions: Spiritual support serves as an effective, non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate anxiety in hemodialysis patients. It is highly recommended that nursing professionals systematically integrate these specific spiritual care elements into routine nursing care plans. Future research should investigate the differential impacts of these interventions by comparing newly initiated hemodialysis patients with those undergoing long-term maintenance therapy]]>
