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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Language and Economic Discourse Indonesian Journal of Computational Language Studies
Radna Tulus Wibisono
Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Economic metaphors in political discourse: a cognitive linguistic study of Indonesian presidential debates Radna Tulus Wibisono
Indonesian Journal of Language and Economic Discourse Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Language, power, and economic narratives in Indonesia
Publisher : CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67490/ijle.v1i1.518

Abstract

Background: Economic debates in Indonesia’s presidential elections are not merely policy exchanges but discursive contests where metaphors shape public understanding of governance and legitimacy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine how economic metaphors frame political discourse in the 2019 and 2024 Indonesian presidential debates. Method: Using a mixed-methods design, the research integrates Cognitive Metaphor Theory, Critical Discourse Analysis, and Corpus Linguistics, drawing data from official KPU transcripts, debate videos, and media reports. Results: The results show, first, that dominant conceptual metaphors include STATE AS FIRM (negara sebagai perusahaan), BUDGET AS FLUID (anggaran sebagai cairan), and ECONOMY AS ENGINE (ekonomi sebagai mesin), which simplify abstract economic policies. Second, ideological positioning is evident, with opposition candidates emphasizing crisis metaphors, incumbents employing growth and stability frames, and both sides using redistribution metaphors to claim moral authority. Third, corpus analysis highlights frequent clusters such as pertumbuhan ekonomi, investasi asing, anggaran bocor, and subsidi tepat sasaran, which anchor economic debates around growth, efficiency, and fairness. Implication: The implications suggest that metaphors function as powerful framing devices that not only clarify but also constrain democratic discourse, shaping voter cognition and perceptions of legitimacy. Novelty: This study shows how economic metaphors function as cognitive and ideological framing devices that structure political contestation and shape public perceptions of governance and legitimacy in electoral debates.
Hallucinating the archipelago: detecting factual and cultural errors in retrieval-augmented generation for Indonesian knowledge Radna Tulus Wibisono
Indonesian Journal of Computational Language Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Large language models, linguistic diversity, and responsible NLP in Indonesia
Publisher : CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67490/ijcl.v1i2.915

Abstract

Background: Retrieval-augmented generation has been promoted as a practical response to hallucination in large language models, yet Indonesian knowledge presents a harder evidential problem because factual claims are often inseparable from regional attribution, cultural terminology, legal classification, and administrative scope. Objective: This study examines how factual and cultural errors appear in RAG-generated answers about Indonesian knowledge and how such errors can be traced across claim alignment, retrieval provenance, and cultural specificity. Method: Using a qualitative-computational design, this study evaluates 186 claim units derived from a public-source corpus of Indonesian cultural-heritage records, legal documents, statistical portals, lexical references, government explainers, and local institutional sources. Results: The findings indicate that RAG performs most reliably when generated claims reproduce explicit institutional facts, such as official entities, legal instruments, statistical categories, and cultural-heritage designations. However, unsupported and partially supported claims emerge when retrieved evidence is general, incomplete, or transformed into causal, nationalising, or culturally overextended explanations. Implication: Cultural errors are especially visible in regional scope reduction, terminological loss, ritual simplification, and temporal or administrative decontextualisation. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in integrating claim–evidence alignment, retrieval-provenance diagnosis, and cultural-specificity coding into one framework for evaluating Indonesian RAG hallucination
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