<![CDATA[This study analyses the evolution of policy coherence within Indonesia’s social protection architecture by examining how integration has been institutionalised across the normative, institutional, data and targeting, programme, and delivery-system dimensions. The study adopts a qualitative approach using policy document analysis of 14 documents, comprising 12 government policy documents and two evaluative reports by the OECD and the World Bank. The analysis employed theory informed thematic analysis, cross-document comparison, and temporal bracketing across three phases of development spanning 2004-2022. The findings show that integration has developed unevenly across dimensions. Normative coherence is relatively strong, whereas institutional integration remains partial because responsibilities and mandates continue to be dispersed. Data integration has advanced through UDB/DTKS, SIKS-NG, the use of NIK, and strengthened interoperability, while programme integration has developed primarily through benefit complementarity rather than consolidation. Within the delivery system, shared payment infrastructure has advanced more rapidly than the convergence of procedures and benefit receipt across programmes. These findings support the interpretation of layered policy integration, whereby policy integration unfolds as a multidimensional process with different levels of development across policy layers. Further strengthening policy coherence requires improved data interoperability, clearer roles and oversight, stronger cross-sectoral coordination, and greater convergence across programmes and delivery systems]]>
