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Sheny Permatasari
School of Vocational Studies, IPB University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

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Effectiveness of Vitamin C-Enriched Tubifex Worms (Tubifex sp.) as Live Feed for African Catfish (Clarias sp.) Larvae Imam Tri Wahyudi; Sheny Permatasari; Andri Hendriana
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v5i1.112

Abstract

Background: Live feed is a critical factor in the successful rearing of African catfish (Clarias sp.) larvae, particularly during the early developmental. Tubificid worms (Tubifex sp.) are commonly used as live feed due to their high protein content; however, their nutritional value can be further improved through enrichment techniques.Aims: This study evaluated the effects of vitamin C-enriched Tubifex worms on the growth performance and survival of African catfish larvae.Methods: A completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and three replications was employed: unenriched Tubifex worms (control), enrichment with 2.5 g L⁻¹ vitamin C (A), and enrichment with 3.5 g L⁻¹ vitamin C (B). Data on survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), and growth rate (GR) were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's multiple range test at a 95% confidence level. Seven-day-old larvae were reared for seven days and fed enriched worms according to the respective treatments. Growth performance was assessed using survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), and growth rate (GR).Results: The results showed that vitamin C enrichment significantly affected (P < 0.05) the survival rate, specific growth rate, and growth rate of African catfish larvae. The treatment enriched with 2.5 g L⁻¹ vitamin C produced the highest survival rate (86.67 ± 12.09%), specific growth rate (1.70 ± 0.66% day⁻¹), and growth rate (0.125 ± 0.055 g day⁻¹). These values were significantly higher than those of the control treatment and numerically higher than those of the 3.5 g L⁻¹ treatment.Conclusion: In conclusion, enrichment of Tubifex worms with vitamin C at 2.5 g L⁻¹ is an effective strategy for improving growth performance and survival of African catfish larvae and may be applied as a practical nutritional approach during the early rearing stage.
Artemia as a Strategic Live Feed in Fish and Shrimp Hatcheries: Nutritional Value, Enrichment Technologies, and Implications for Larval Growth and Survival: A Literature Review Sheny Permatasari
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v5i1.113

Abstract

Background: Live feed availability is a critical factor determining the success of fish and shrimp hatchery operations. Among various live feeds, Artemia remains one of the most widely used organisms due to its suitable particle size, high digestibility, ease of storage, and capacity for nutritional enrichment.Aims: This review aimed to synthesize current knowledge regarding the nutritional value of Artemia, its application in hatchery systems, enrichment strategies, and its effects on larval growth and survival in commercially important aquaculture species.Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following a structured search of peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025. Relevant literature was retrieved from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and other scientific databases using predefined keywords related to Artemia, enrichment technologies, hatchery management, and larval performance. Studies were screened based on relevance to fish and shrimp larviculture, nutritional enhancement, and biological performance indicators.Results: The reviewed studies consistently demonstrated that Artemia significantly improves larval growth, specific growth rate, size uniformity, and survival in various aquaculture species, including Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, Oreochromis niloticus, Lates calcarifer, and Clarias gariepinus. Furthermore, enrichment with highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), omega-3 fatty acids, microalgae, probiotics, synbiotics, vitamins, and phytogenic compounds substantially enhanced the nutritional quality of Artemia, resulting in improved growth performance, immune competence, stress tolerance, and disease resistance.Conclusions: Artemia remains an indispensable live feed in modern hatchery systems. Advances in enrichment technologies have transformed Artemia from a conventional live feed into an effective nutrient delivery platform capable of enhancing larval performance and hatchery productivity. Future development should focus on strengthening domestic Artemia production, improving enrichment efficiency, and integrating biosecure hatchery management practices to support sustainable aquaculture development.
Co-Authors Hendriana, Andri Imam Tri Wahyudi