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All Journal AMPLITUDO: Journal of Science & Technology Innovation Current Educational Review
Suleman Ahmed Wan
Sule Lamido University Kafin-Hausa
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics

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Conversion of Solid Waste into Wealth within Bauchi Metropolis (Waste Paper Recycling) Salisu Umar Muhammad; Anas Babangida; Suleman Ahmed Wan
AMPLITUDO : Journal of Science and Technology Innovation Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56566/amplitudo.v4i2.337

Abstract

Waste paper recycling is a process by which waste paper, agricultural residues, waste cotton, old rugs, tailor cuttings, waste jute, hosiery cuttings, are processed together with some chemicals like caustic soda, dry staffs, resin, etc. The residential area in Bauchi metropolis generate an average volume of waste of about 0.003m3/person /day for high density areas, 0.005m3 /person /day for high density areas. This bring about the needs to recycle the waste in order to protect the environment. The study was conducted based on linker scale questionnaire primary and secondary data collection. And using some selected tertiary institutions such as, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Federal poly technic, Abubakar Tatari Ali Poly technic, College of Agriculture Bauchi and Bauchi state secretariat were used as sampling size. The study also revealed that the average paper waste generated weekly is 10kg. Also the cost of the finance when it starts to operate at full capacity within 3 years, and the project’s initial investment will be fully recovered within 8 years. And the total amount of waste paper generated in the year 2016 within the study area was 68 tones. The recycled waste obtained from the solid waste will be used to generate new valuable products, sanitize the environment and also lead to job creation for the teaming unemployed youth.
Extraction of Oil from Coconut to Produce Bar Soap Umar Muhammad Salisu; Suleman Ahmed Wan; Fatima Muhammad Dambam
Current Educational Review Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56566/cer.v2i3.866

Abstract

There may be substantial differences in the qualities and characteristics of coconut oil that is extracted from various sources and using various techniques.  The extraction of coconut oil and its use in the manufacturing of bar soap are the main topics of this study. The objective was to create an effective oil extraction method and assess the physicochemical characteristics of the oil for use in soap production. The saponification value, acid value, free fatty acid content, and moisture level of coconut oil were measured after it was extracted using N-hexane as a solvent.  The oil produced by the extraction process had good qualities that made it suitable for making soap, such as a high saponification value (256.96%), a low acid value (0.35), and a pleasant odor. Coconut oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method, and cold process soap was made with sodium hydroxide, distilled water, and fragrance additives. In order to create a stable soap with good lathering, the process was optimized. Scent, as well as toughness. The study concludes by showing that coconut oil is a feasible raw material for making high-quality soap, supporting both economic viability and environmental sustainability. Recommendations include investigating natural additions to improve soap compositions and improving extraction techniques to increase oil quality
Co-Authors Anas Babangida Fatima Muhammad Dambam Salisu Umar Muhammad Umar Muhammad Salisu