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Idris, Fakrulradzi
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Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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IoT-based fertigation system for agriculture Idris, Fakrulradzi; Latiff, Anas Abdul; Buntat, Muhammad Amirul; Lecthmanan, Yogeswaran; Berahim, Zulkarami
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 3: June 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i3.6829

Abstract

Fertigation system has been widely used by farmers to automate some processes of crops productions. A conventional system requires workers to prepare a fertilizer mixture, before transferring it into a main storage tank to be mixed with water. Then, electrical conductivity (EC) of the mixture will be measured. The existing fertigation system still relies heavily on workers and is manually operated and prone to human error. Therefore, internet of things (IoT) based fertigation system has been developed to deliver the fertilizer mixture with consistent EC value automatically to the plants. The main system controller is designed using ESP32 development module. The operation of the system can be monitored using an IoT dashboard and farmers can also control the system remotely. Alert will be given to the farmers if the condition of the system or plant does not meet the predefined settings. The values of EC together with temperature and humidity sensors are recorded for further analysis. A testbed is set up to provide fertigation to 120 polybags eggplants. Using the proposed fertigation system, the eggplants have been harvested earlier, therefore reducing the fertilizer usage. The cost of this IoT based fertigation system is lower compared to existing commercial products.
IoT-based real-time monitoring of agricultural wastewater using Raspberry Pi, Node-RED, and Grafana Faizu, Nur’in Batrisyia Mohd; Roslizar, Ahmad Muzammil; Zaini, Muhammad Aizat Zaim; Idris, Fakrulradzi; Berahim, Zulkarami; Latiff, Anas Abdul
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i6.10170

Abstract

This study introduces an internet of things-based agricultural wastewater monitoring system (IoT-AWMS) designed to enhance water management through real-time monitoring and advanced sensor integration. The system employs a Raspberry Pi for centralized control, node-RED for automation, InfluxDB for data storage, and Grafana for visualization. A key innovation is the integration of an alternative sensing approach for estimating electrical conductivity (EC), complementing conventional sensors for total dissolved solids (TDS), water temperature (DS18B20), and ambient conditions (DHT11). The system achieves over 85% accuracy in estimating EC across diverse water samples, including drinking water, agricultural runoff, and fertilizer-enriched solutions. Compared with conventional approaches, IoT-AWMS demonstrates superior accuracy, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. Its modular design supports applications in nutrient runoff detection, contamination monitoring, and optimized water resource utilization, with broader potential in precision farming and environmental monitoring. This work contributes a robust, adaptable IoT framework for sustainable agricultural water management.
Co-Authors Berahim, Zulkarami Buntat, Muhammad Amirul Faizu, Nur’in Batrisyia Mohd Latiff, Anas Abdul Lecthmanan, Yogeswaran Roslizar, Ahmad Muzammil Zaini, Muhammad Aizat Zaim