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All Journal Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia Journal of Community Empowerment for Health
Dewi Purnamawati
Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Disparitas Peran Preventif dan Pola Rujukan Kasus Anak di Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama Bima Indra; Dewi Purnamawati; Munaya Fauziah
Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia Vol 15, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Center for Health Policy and Management

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jkki.116550

Abstract

Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) menuntut Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) untuk memberikan pelayanan komprehensif, mencakup upaya promotif-preventif dan kuratif. Namun, belum ada evaluasi nasional mengenai profil kunjungan pasien anak (0-18 tahun) yang membandingkan performa fasilitas pemerintah dan swasta. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan profil kunjungan, beban penyakit, dan pola rujukan pasien anak di FKTP di Indonesia tahun 2023. Studi potong lintang dilakukan menggunakan Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2023 dengan total sampel 527.432 kunjungan anak. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan untuk membandingkan proporsi jenis kunjungan (sehat vs sakit) dan diagnosa rujukan antar jenis fasilitas kesehatan. Terdapat kesenjangan peran yang signifikan antara fasilitas pemerintah dan swasta. Puskesmas menunjukkan fungsi layanan berimbang dengan 41,69% proporsi Kunjungan Sehat (imunisasi/pemantauan tumbuh kembang). Sebaliknya, Klinik Pratama dan Dokter Praktik Perorangan didominasi oleh layanan kuratif, dengan proporsi Kunjungan Sakit mencapai >87% hingga 95%. Pola rujukan menunjukkan beban tinggi pada kasus non-spesialistik pediatri, dengan Poli THT-KL dan Kulit Kelamin menjadi tujuan rujukan terbanyak setelah Poli Anak, mengindikasikan adanya celah kompetensi di layanan primer. Fungsi gatekeeper dan paradigma sehat belum berjalan optimal di sektor swasta. Diperlukan reformasi sistem insentif kapitasi untuk mendorong FKTP swasta lebih aktif dalam upaya preventif kesehatan anak.
Interventions to counter health misinformation on social media during pandemics: A systematic review Bima Indra; Nurfadhilah Nurfadhilah; Dewi Purnamawati; Shintia Maharani
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.116581

Abstract

Introduction: The rapid global spread of pandemics is often accompanied by a parallel "infodemic," an overwhelming surge of information on social media that includes harmful health misinformation and disinformation. This phenomenon poses a significant threat to public health by eroding trust, undermining official guidance, and promoting dangerous behaviors. This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness and community reach of interventions designed to counter health misinformation on social media during pandemics.Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search of the Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify experimental and quasi-experimental studies evaluating counter-misinformation interventions. Data were extracted and narratively synthesized.Results: The search identified nine eligible studies (total N = 8,667 participants) evaluating a range of interventions, including proactive strategies like psychological inoculation, gamification, and accuracy nudges; corrective measures such as debunking and fact-checking; and community-led approaches involving peer support. Proactive interventions, particularly those using gamification and inoculation, demonstrated effectiveness in improving misinformation recognition and building cognitive resistance. Corrective strategies like fact-checking and debunking were found to significantly reduce belief in false claims, with some evidence of durable effects. Community-led and peer-support models on platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp proved effective in reducing the prevalence of misinformation and fostering supportive online environments.Conclusion: A multi-layered approach combining scalable, platform-level nudges with targeted, community-contextualized educational and corrective strategies appears most promising. Future research should prioritize standardizing outcome measures and evaluating interventions in more diverse global populations and on emerging social media platforms.
Co-Authors Bima Indra Bima Indra Munaya Fauziah Nurfadhilah Nurfadhilah Shintia Maharani