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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Fintech, Banking, and Financial Services AI, Big Data and Quantitative Methods in Finance
Heni Hasanah
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, IPB University, Jl. Agatis, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

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The Impact of Regional Development Bank Performance on MSME Credit in Indonesia (2014 – 2023) Amanda Pratiwi Rizal; Heni Hasanah; Mutiara Probokawuryan
Indonesian Journal of Fintech, Banking and Financial Services Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): IJF, Vol. 1 No. 1, April 2026
Publisher : School of Business, IPB University (SB-IPB)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17358/ijf.1.1.22

Abstract

Background: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a major pillar of Indonesia’s economy, yet their access to formal financing remains limited. Regional Development Banks (BPDs) are expected to strengthen MSME financing because of their regional mandate and proximity to local economic actors, but their contribution to national MSME credit is still relatively small.Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of BPD on MSME credit in Indonesia and to examine whether the number of micro and small industries moderates this relationship.Design/methodology/approach: This study applies descriptive analysis and panel data regression to 15 conventional BPDs operating in single provinces during 2014–2023. MSME credit distribution at the provincial level is analyzed using bank performance indicators, regional macroeconomic variables, a COVID-19 dummy, and the interaction between net interest margin and the number of micro and small industries.Findings/Results: Capital adequacy, net interest margin, and loan-to-deposit ratio positively affect MSME credit, while return on assets has a negative effect. Gross regional domestic product (GRDP) and the number of micro and small industries increase MSME credit, but the micro prime lending rate reduces it, and the moderating effect of micro and small industries weakens the role of net interest margin.Conclusion: MSME credit distribution is shaped not only by internal bank performance but also by regional economic conditions and the affordability of credit. Strengthening MSME financing requires sound bank performance, efficient intermediation, and more accessible lending costs.Originality/value (State of the art): This study specifically focuses on Regional Development Banks (BPDs), covers the 2014–2023 period, combines internal bank and external regional variables, and introduces the number of micro and small industries as a moderating variable in explaining MSME credit distribution. Keywords:regional development banks, msme credit, BPD, panel data, Indonesia  
Does Financial Development Widen or Reduce Income Inequality? Evidence From Developed and Developing Countries Trincy Nissi; Noer Azam Achsani; Heni Hasanah; Annisa Ramadanti
AI, Big Data and Quantitative Methods in Finance Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): ABQ Vol. 1 No. 1, April 2026
Publisher : School of Business, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17358/abq.1.1.52

Abstract

Background: The financial sector has grown rapidly over the past two decades, yet income inequality remains an unresolved issue. This phenomenon raises important questions about the role of financial sector development in shaping inequality, especially given the mixed findings in existing literature depending on the proxies of financial development used.Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between financial sector development and income inequality by comparing developed and developing countries, while incorporating different dimensions of financial development.Design/methodology/approach: The study uses panel data from 44 countries (both developed and developing) over the period 1980–2021. The financial sector is classified into financial institutions and financial markets, and further decomposed into three dimensions: depth, access, and efficiency. The analysis is conducted using a Fixed Effects Model (FEM) regression.Findings/Result: The results show that in developing countries, the relationship between financial development and inequality follows an inverted U-shaped pattern, where financial development initially increases inequality but eventually reduces it as financial access becomes more inclusive. In contrast, in developed countries, the relationship is positively linear, indicating that financial development tends to increase inequality due to the concentration of financial depth and access among wealthier groups.Conclusion: Financial sector development affects income inequality differently across levels of economic development. While it has the potential to reduce inequality in developing countries at later stages, it may exacerbate inequality in developed countries if financial benefits are not distributed more equitably.Originality/value (State of the art): This study contributes to the literature by providing a comparative analysis between developed and developing countries using a multidimensional approach to financial development (depth, access, and efficiency), offering deeper insights into how different aspects of the financial sector influence income inequality. Keywords:income inequality, panel data, financial development, developing countries, financial sector
Co-Authors Amanda Pratiwi Rizal Annisa Ramadanti Mutiara Probokawuryan Noer Azam Achsani Trincy Nissi