Po-Hsiang Liu
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, St. John’s University, New Taipei, Taiwan

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EVALUATING THE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF YOUBIKE STATIONS IN THE TAMSUI MRT AREA, TAIWAN USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS Dina Maharani; Anindya Dwicahyani; Po-Hsiang Liu
JISO : Journal of Industrial and Systems Optimization Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Maarif Hasyim Latif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51804/jiso.v9i1.96-105

Abstract

ABSTRACT Urban bike-sharing systems play an important role in supporting sustainable urban mobility by providing flexible first- and last-mile connections to public transportation. However, their operational performance often differs across stations due to imbalances between available resources and service demand. This study aims to evaluate the operational efficiency of YouBike stations around the Tamsui MRT area using Data Envelopment Analysis. An output-oriented Banker, Charnes, and Cooper model was applied because station capacity and bicycle availability are relatively fixed in the short term, while the main operational objective is to maximize service outputs. Each YouBike station was treated as a Decision-Making Unit. The input variables consisted of the number of parking slots and operational bicycles, while the output variables included bicycle borrowing volume and service availability level. The analysis covered 28 YouBike stations. The results show that 20 stations, or 71.43%, were classified as efficient, while 8 stations, or 28.57%, were not fully efficient. The average efficiency score was 0.998, indicating that most stations operated very close to the efficiency frontier. The DEA results also identified benchmark stations and improvement targets for inefficient stations. These findings can support bicycle redistribution, capacity adjustment, and data-driven operational planning. This study is limited by the use of hypothetical output values; therefore, further research should employ complete real-time operational data. ABSTRAK Sistem bike-sharing atau layanan berbagi sepeda berperan penting dalam mendukung mobilitas perkotaan berkelanjutan, terutama sebagai penghubung first-mile dan last-mile menuju transportasi massal. Namun, kinerja operasional setiap stasiun dapat berbeda karena ketidakseimbangan antara kapasitas sumber daya dan permintaan layanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efisiensi operasional 28 stasiun YouBike di kawasan MRT Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan, menggunakan model Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) BCC berorientasi output. Variabel input terdiri atas jumlah slot parkir dan jumlah sepeda operasional, sedangkan variabel output terdiri atas jumlah peminjaman sepeda dan tingkat ketersediaan layanan. Data stasiun dan kapasitas diperoleh dari New Taipei City YouBike 2.0 open data dengan pembaruan snapshot pada bulan Februari s.d. Maret 2026, sedangkan variabel output  dan  disusun sebagai estimasi operasional hipotetik untuk kebutuhan simulasi DEA tahun 2026. Hasil pengolahan dengan Microsoft Excel Solver menunjukkan bahwa 20 stasiun atau 71,43% berada pada kategori efisien, sedangkan 8 stasiun atau 28,57% belum sepenuhnya efisien. Rata-rata skor efisiensi adalah 0,99999 dengan skor minimum 0,99998 pada LRT Hongshulin Station. Hasil benchmarking menunjukkan bahwa stasiun yang belum efisien dapat diarahkan untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan layanan, menjaga ketersediaan, dan menyesuaikan distribusi sepeda berdasarkan peer group. Penelitian ini terbatas pada penggunaan sebagian data output berupa data hipotetik berdasarkan data historis, sehingga, hasilnya perlu dibaca sebagai evaluasi metodologis dan simulatif, bukan sebagai penilaian akhir berbasis data transaksi real-time secara penuh.