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All Journal SocioEdu: Sociological Education
Ramchandra Baral
Department of Sociology, Tribhuvan University
Humanities Education Social Sciences Other

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Sociology of Water Culture: River Life Adaptations of Sonaha in Nepal's Karnali River Basin Ramchandra Baral
SocioEdu: Sociological Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Sociological Education
Publisher : Sociology Education, Teaching Training and Education Faculty, Muhammadiyah University of Kupang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59098/socioedu.v7i2.3086

Abstract

This sociological study analyzes the identity crisis of Nepal's Sonaha people through the framework of water culture. As a riverine community historically sustained by the Karnali Basin's aquatic ecosystems, the Sonaha face existential threats from three intersecting forces: climate change and environmental degradation, restrictive state policies on traditional livelihoods (fishing/gold panning), and cultural erosion through modernization. The research demonstrates how their ethnic identity - materially and spiritually rooted in hydraulic social structures - becomes destabilized when river access diminishes. Employing theories of cultural ecology and social marginalization, the study examines the Sonaha's adaptive strategies and intergenerational knowledge loss, positioning their struggle at the intersection of indigenous rights and the sociology of water cultures.
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