<![CDATA[Background: National surveillance provides an overview of the overall burden of childhood pneumonia but offers limited insight into factors associated with pneumonia among children treated at individual healthcare facilities. Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital is a tertiary referral hospital in South Sumatra and therefore provides clinically relevant, although not population-representative, hospital-based evidence to complement national and provincial surveillance. This study aimed to examine factors associated with pneumonia diagnosis among children aged 1–60 months treated at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, using 2024 medical record data. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study included 123 children aged 1–60 months, using medical records from 2024, comprising 91 with pneumonia and 32 without. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics. Bivariate analyses were performed using Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using binary logistic regression. Results: Among the 123 children included in this hospital-based sample, 91 (74.0%) were classified as having pneumonia. Incomplete immunization was associated with higher odds of pneumonia (crude OR=7.82; 95% CI: 2.42–25.22; Fisher's exact p<0.001). Age ≤12 months, male sex, malnutrition, and absence of exclusive breastfeeding showed positive but statistically non-significant crude associations, with wide confidence intervals. Conclusion: Incomplete immunization was associated with higher odds of pneumonia in the bivariate analysis of this hospital-based sample. Because the estimate was unadjusted and the study was cross-sectional, hospital-based, and based on secondary records, adjusted studies with broader environmental and socioeconomic variables are required to confirm an independent association.]]>
