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All Journal Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Ersalina Nidianti
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Health Faculty, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience

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The Impact of Daily Cigarette Consumption on Creatinine Levels in Active Smokers using Jaffe Reaction Method Ersalina Nidianti; Siti Basiroh; Desi Susanti
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci (In Press)
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27141

Abstract

Cigarette smoke contains various toxic substances, including heavy metals such as cadmium, which may contribute to kidney dysfunction. Cigarettes contain various chemical compounds as well as several types of heavy metals such as nicotine, carbon monoxide, arsenic, and cadmium. According to epidemiological research, exposure to the heavy metal cadmium is nephrotoxic so it can damage the kidneys. Kidney organ damage that occurs in the body can be identified by an increase in creatinine levels in the blood. This study aimed to assess whether the number of cigarettes smoked per day affects serum creatinine levels in active smokers. This research method is observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach design on 27 active smoker respondents. The parameter examined was creatinine levels using the Jaffe reaction examination method which was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA statistical test. The results the mean creatinine level examination obtained in group X1 (1-3 Cigarettes) was 1.17 mg/dL. In group X2 (4-6 Cigarettes) it was 1.04 mg/dL. In group X3 (7-12 Cigarettes) it was 1.21 mg/dL. The results of statistical analysis using the one way ANOVA test obtained a P-value > 0.05, which means there is no difference. Conclusion daily cigarette consumption did not significantly affect serum creatinine levels among the active smokers included in this study. Further studies with larger sample sizes and consideration of confounding factors are recommended.
The Impact of Daily Cigarette Consumption on Creatinine Levels in Active Smokers using Jaffe Reaction Method Ersalina Nidianti; Siti Basiroh; Desi Susanti
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci (In Press)
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27141

Abstract

Cigarette smoke contains various toxic substances, including heavy metals such as cadmium, which may contribute to kidney dysfunction. Cigarettes contain various chemical compounds as well as several types of heavy metals such as nicotine, carbon monoxide, arsenic, and cadmium. According to epidemiological research, exposure to the heavy metal cadmium is nephrotoxic so it can damage the kidneys. Kidney organ damage that occurs in the body can be identified by an increase in creatinine levels in the blood. This study aimed to assess whether the number of cigarettes smoked per day affects serum creatinine levels in active smokers. This research method is observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach design on 27 active smoker respondents. The parameter examined was creatinine levels using the Jaffe reaction examination method which was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA statistical test. The results the mean creatinine level examination obtained in group X1 (1-3 Cigarettes) was 1.17 mg/dL. In group X2 (4-6 Cigarettes) it was 1.04 mg/dL. In group X3 (7-12 Cigarettes) it was 1.21 mg/dL. The results of statistical analysis using the one way ANOVA test obtained a P-value > 0.05, which means there is no difference. Conclusion daily cigarette consumption did not significantly affect serum creatinine levels among the active smokers included in this study. Further studies with larger sample sizes and consideration of confounding factors are recommended.
Co-Authors Desi Susanti Siti Basiroh