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All Journal DiH : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Smart Society: Community Service and Empowerment Journal Nusantara: Journal Of Law Studies
Heni Siswanto
Universitas Lampung, Indonesia
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Disregarding Visum et Psikiatricum: Reconstructing Criminal Responsibility Assessment in Indonesian Homicide Cases Tarmizi Tarmizi; Heni Siswanto; Muhtadi Muhtadi; Maroni Maroni; Rinaldy Amrullah
DiH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Volume 22 Nomor 2 Agustus 2026
Publisher : Doctor of Law Study Program Faculty of Law, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

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Abstract

This study aims to examine the judicial reasoning underlying the exclusion of the Visum et Psikiatricum in Judgment No. 586/Pid.B/2023/PN Tjk, identify the parameters applied in determining the criminal responsibility of a homicide offender, and reconstruct a more comprehensive framework for assessing criminal responsibility under Indonesian criminal law. This normative legal research employs both case and conceptual approaches. Primary legal materials, including statutory regulations and court decisions, were analyzed together with secondary materials derived from criminal law doctrines, forensic psychiatry, and relevant scholarly literature. The data were examined qualitatively using a prescriptive analytical method to assess the conformity of judicial reasoning with theories of criminal responsibility and to formulate an improved assessment model. The findings reveal that the Visum et Psikiatricum was disregarded because the court placed greater weight on the defendant’s behavioral indicators, which were considered to demonstrate awareness, understanding of the consequences of the act, and the capacity for self-control. The parameters applied by the judge encompass cognitive, volitional, and behavioral dimensions. However, these parameters remain implicit, lack standardization, and do not adequately integrate medical findings with legal considerations. This condition reflects a normative gap in the application of Article 44 of the Criminal Code and Articles 38 and 39 of Law No. 1 of 2023. Accordingly, this study proposes a three-dimensional assessment model integrating medical, cognitive, and volitional aspects as a more objective, consistent, and accountable framework for determining criminal responsibility
Reformulating Rechterlijk Pardon in the Criminal Procedure Code: A Comparative Study with the Dutch Criminal Justice System Khaoeirun Nissa; Heni Siswanto; Ahmad Irzal Fardiansyah; Erna Dewi; Zulkarnain Ridlwan; Denys Illiashchuk
Nusantara: Journal of Law Studies Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Nusantara: Journal of Law Studies
Publisher : PT. Islamic Research Publiser

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2.351

Abstract

The enactment of Article 54 paragraph (2) of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) introduces the concept of rechterlijk pardon as a progressive mechanism that enables judges to refrain from imposing criminal sanctions based on humanitarian and justice considerations. However, despite its substantive recognition, the absence of corresponding procedural provisions in the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) has created a normative gap that threatens legal certainty, judicial accountability, and consistency in criminal adjudication. This study addresses three research questions: (1) how rechterlijk pardon is currently positioned within the Indonesian criminal justice system; (2) how the concept is regulated and implemented in the Dutch criminal justice system; and (3) what procedural model should be adopted to reformulate rechterlijk pardon within the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code. Using a normative juridical approach combined with a qualitative comparative method, this research analyses statutory provisions, legal doctrines, scholarly literature, and comparative materials, particularly Article 9a of the Dutch Wetboek van Strafrecht. The findings show that Indonesia has recognised rechterlijk pardon as a progressive instrument for achieving substantive justice, humanity, and proportionality in sentencing; however, its implementation remains vulnerable to legal uncertainty, inconsistent judicial practice, and potential abuse of discretion due to the absence of procedural safeguards. The Dutch model demonstrates that judicial pardon can operate effectively when supported by clear criteria, written judicial reasoning, oversight mechanisms, and accountability standards. This study contributes academically by proposing a contextual reformulation of rechterlijk pardon within the KUHAP, emphasising clear eligibility criteria, mandatory reasoned decisions, monitoring and reporting mechanisms, restorative justice, and Pancasila as the philosophical foundation of Indonesian criminal procedure reform.
Integration of Blockchain Technology in the Criminal Justice System: Challenges of Regulation, Data Security, and Legitimacy of Digital Evidence Robby Malaheksa; Heni Siswanto; Agus Triono
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 22 No 2 (2025): Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Jurai Siwo Lampung, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v22i02.art06

Abstract

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to the criminal justice system, particularly in the management of digital evidence. However, challenges such as data manipulation, evidence validity, and storage security remain significant issues. Blockchain, a technology that offers transparency, security, and data traceability, has great potential for application in the criminal justice system for more effective digital evidence management. This study aims to analyze the application of blockchain in the criminal justice system, particularly in relation to the validity of evidence, integrity, and digital evidence management. The methods used include a literature review and comparative analysis of conventional systems and blockchain-based models. The findings show that the implementation of blockchain can improve the security and protection of digital evidence through hashing and encryption mechanisms that are difficult to manipulate. In addition, this technology enables the decentralized recording of digital evidence transactions, thereby reducing the risk of abuse by certain parties. Therefore, the adoption of blockchain technology in the criminal justice system has the potential to strengthen the credibility and efficiency of the legal evidence process. [Perkembangan teknologi digital telah membawa perubahan signifikan pada sistem peradilan pidana, terutama dalam pengelolaan bukti digital. Namun, tantangan seperti manipulasi data, validitas bukti, dan keamanan penyimpanan tetap menjadi masalah utama. Blockchain, sebagai teknologi yang menawarkan transparansi, keamanan, dan jejak data, memiliki potensi besar untuk diterapkan dalam sistem peradilan pidana guna pengelolaan bukti digital yang lebih efektif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan blockchain dalam sistem peradilan pidana, khususnya terkait validitas bukti, integritas, dan pengelolaan bukti digital. Metode yang digunakan meliputi tinjauan literatur dan analisis perbandingan antara sistem konvensional dan model berbasis blockchain. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa implementasi blockchain dapat meningkatkan keamanan dan perlindungan bukti digital melalui mekanisme hashing dan enkripsi yang sulit dimanipulasi. Selain itu, teknologi ini memungkinkan pencatatan terdesentralisasi transaksi bukti digital, sehingga mengurangi risiko penyalahgunaan oleh pihak tertentu. Oleh karena itu, adopsi blockchain dalam sistem peradilan pidana berpotensi memperkuat kredibilitas dan efisiensi dalam proses bukti hukum].
Reconstructing Judicial Discretion in Drug Rehabilitation Sentencing: A Ratio Decidendi Analysis of Judgment No. 1365/Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Tjk Tarmizi; Heni Siswanto; Muhtadi; Maroni; Rinaldy Amrullah
Smart Society Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Smart Society
Publisher : FOUNDAE (Foundation of Advanced Education)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/smartsoc.v6i3.1497

Abstract

Judicial decisions on rehabilitation for narcotics abusers often require judges to reconcile criminal accountability with rehabilitative objectives, yet the parameters guiding such discretion remain insufficiently structured. This study examines the ratio decidendi underlying judicial discretion in Judgment No. 1365/Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Tjk and develops parameters for more consistent rehabilitation decisions. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches to examine the legal provisions on narcotics rehabilitation, Judgment No. 1365/Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Tjk, and the concepts of judicial discretion, ratio decidendi, punishment, and rehabilitation. The legal materials are analyzed through qualitative legal interpretation and prescriptive reasoning. The findings show that the decision combined imprisonment with rehabilitation; however, the reasoning within it lacked an explicit and structured framework for exercising discretion. This study reconstructs four parameters: normative, medical, juridical, and the purpose of sentencing. These parameters are operationalized through six stages of legal reasoning, ranging from identifying applicable norms, reconstructing proven facts, integrating assessment findings, correlating facts with legal requirements, exercising structured discretion, and formulating sanctions. This model contributes to individualized sentencing by providing a more transparent framework for balancing legal certainty, justice, rehabilitation, and the protection of society.
Co-Authors Agus Triono Ahmad Irzal Fardiansyah Denys Illiashchuk Dewi, Erna Khaoeirun Nissa Maroni Maroni Maroni Muhtadi Muhtadi Muhtadi Rinaldy Amrullah Robby Malaheksa Tarmizi Tarmizi Tarmizi Zulkarnain Ridlwan