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All Journal Sinergi International Journal of Economics
Putri Ayu Lestari
Universitas Sahid Jakarta
Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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Exploring Informal Workers’ Employment Experiences in Urban Indonesia: A Phenomenological Study of Survival, Adaptation, and Urban Transformation in Surabaya Mohammad Wasil; Putri Ayu Lestari; Nur Irmayanti
Sinergi International Journal of Economics Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Yayasan Sinergi Kawula Muda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61194/economics.v3i4.1124

Abstract

Informal employment remains a dominant livelihood source in developing countries, particularly in rapidly urbanizing cities where formal employment cannot absorb the growing labor force. Although informal workers contribute substantially to urban economies, they often face employment insecurity, unstable income, and limited social protection. This study explores the lived employment experiences of informal workers in Surabaya, Indonesia, focusing on their pathways into informal work, working conditions, responses to urbanization and digitalization, adaptation strategies, and perceptions of government support. Using a qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach, data were collected from ten informal workers across diverse occupations—street vending, transportation, construction, domestic work, waste collection, tailoring, and culinary microenterprise—selected through purposive maximum-variation sampling, and analyzed using interpretive phenomenological thematic analysis with reflexive interpretation to ensure credibility. Findings show entry into informal work is shaped by limited formal job access, economic necessity, job loss, and social networks. Workers experienced precarity marked by unstable income, irregular demand, rising costs, and weak legal protection. Urbanization expanded markets but intensified competition, while digitalization brought opportunities alongside new dependencies. Workers showed resilience through income diversification and household coping strategies. Labor Market Segmentation Theory, the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, and resilience theory jointly explain these dynamics, informing policies for inclusive social protection and platform-worker regulation.
Competitive Strategy Formulation among Small Manufacturing Firms: A Multiple Case Study from an Emerging Regional Economy in Indonesia Alian Natision; Putri Ayu Lestari
Sinergi International Journal of Economics Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Yayasan Sinergi Kawula Muda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61194/economics.v3i4.1125

Abstract

Small manufacturing enterprises play a significant role in regional economic development but face increasing pressure from globalization, technological change, and evolving customer expectations. This study examines how competitive strategies are formulated by small manufacturing firms in Makassar, Indonesia, focusing on business vision, strategic decision-making, market segmentation, competitive positioning, and sustainable competitive advantage. A qualitative multiple case study approach was used, with data collected through semi-structured interviews with ten key informants—business owners, managers, representatives of the Makassar Industrial Estate (KIMA), and Department of Industry officials—supplemented by documentary analysis and observation. Data were analyzed thematically through open, axial, and selective coding, strengthened by triangulation and member checking. Findings show that competitive strategy formulation is driven mainly by the owner's business vision, product quality, managerial experience, and market segmentation. Rather than competing on price, firms pursued quality-based differentiation through superior materials, consistency, and customer trust. Segmenting retail and project customers supported targeted marketing, while digital branding expanded market reach. Competitive advantage emerged from alignment between strategic positioning, capabilities, and adaptive decisions. This study integrates Porter's Competitive Strategy, the Resource-Based View, and Dynamic Capability Theory, offering practical guidance for strengthening SME manufacturing competitiveness through quality, capability development, and digital transformation.
Co-Authors Alian Natision Wasil, Mohammad