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Abd Razak Bin Zakaria
Department of Educational Foundations and Humanities, Faculty of Education Office of The,  University of Malaya
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Tri Hita Karana as a Restorative Justice Model: A Case Study of Decision No. 247/PID.B/2009/PN.Pwt Ni Made Gian Sari Astiti; Made Sugi Hartono; Abd Razak Bin Zakaria
Kertha Patrika Vol. 48 No. 2 (2026): Contemporary Challenges in Law: Comparative Perspectives on Justice, Legal Pro
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/KP.2026.v48.i02.p05

Abstract

This study aims to examine the concept of Tri Hita Karana (THK) as a restorative justice model within Indonesia's criminal justice system through an analysis of Court Decision No. 247/Pid.B/2009/PN.Pwt concerning the case of Grandmother Minah. Using normative legal research with a case approach and a conceptual approach, this study analyses how THK may serve as a philosophical foundation for restorative justice and explores the implications of integrating its values into legal regulations and law enforcement practices in resolving minor criminal offences involving vulnerable groups. The findings indicate that the judicial decision in Grandmother Minah's case reflects a predominantly formalistic and retributive approach that fails to fully achieve substantive justice. In contrast, the principles of Parahyangan, Pawongan, and Palemahan embodied in THK promote reconciliation, social harmony, and the restoration of relationships, which are consistent with the objectives of restorative justice. This study argues that integrating THK into Indonesia's criminal justice system may encourage a paradigm shift from punitive law enforcement toward restorative justice while strengthening legal protection for vulnerable communities. Accordingly, THK offers a culturally grounded philosophical framework that can contribute to future criminal law reform in Indonesia. 
Tri Hita Karana as a Restorative Justice Model: A Case Study of Decision No. 247/PID.B/2009/PN.Pwt Ni Made Gian Sari Astiti; Made Sugi Hartono; Abd Razak Bin Zakaria
Kertha Patrika Vol. 48 No. 2 (2026): Contemporary Challenges in Law: Comparative Perspectives on Justice, Legal Pro
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/KP.2026.v48.i02.p05

Abstract

This study aims to examine the concept of Tri Hita Karana (THK) as a restorative justice model within Indonesia's criminal justice system through an analysis of Court Decision No. 247/Pid.B/2009/PN.Pwt concerning the case of Grandmother Minah. Using normative legal research with a case approach and a conceptual approach, this study analyses how THK may serve as a philosophical foundation for restorative justice and explores the implications of integrating its values into legal regulations and law enforcement practices in resolving minor criminal offences involving vulnerable groups. The findings indicate that the judicial decision in Grandmother Minah's case reflects a predominantly formalistic and retributive approach that fails to fully achieve substantive justice. In contrast, the principles of Parahyangan, Pawongan, and Palemahan embodied in THK promote reconciliation, social harmony, and the restoration of relationships, which are consistent with the objectives of restorative justice. This study argues that integrating THK into Indonesia's criminal justice system may encourage a paradigm shift from punitive law enforcement toward restorative justice while strengthening legal protection for vulnerable communities. Accordingly, THK offers a culturally grounded philosophical framework that can contribute to future criminal law reform in Indonesia. 
Co-Authors Made Sugi Hartono Ni Made Gian Sari Astiti