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All Journal Journal of Material Science and Radiation
Izzuddin Mohamad Zaharuddin
Malaysian Nuclear Agency
Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Tuning Hydrophobicity of Fluorinated Sol–Gel Coatings via Graphene Oxide Loading for Sustainable Surface Applications Norfazlinayati Othman; Mohd Hamzah Harun; Izzuddin Mohamad Zaharuddin; Nor Adnin Ezani Mohd Ezani; Mahathir Mohamed; Mohd Sofian Alias
Journal of Material Science and Radiation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56566/jmsr.v2i2.723

Abstract

Thin fluorinated silica-based sol–gel films incorporating graphene oxide (GO) (0 – 1.0 wt.%) were synthesized to investigate their surface wettability and optical properties. The films were prepared via a sol–gel route and characterized using contact angle measurements, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Although GO is intrinsically hydrophilic, the water contacts angle (WCA) increased from 109◦ to 125◦, with the highest WCA at 1.0 wt.% GO. This enhancement is attributed to the formation of hierarchical surface roughness, as confirmed by AFM, which dominates over the intrinsic hydrophilicity of GO in accordance with Wenzel/Cassie–Baxter wetting behavior. UV–Vis analysis showed that the films retained high optical transparency, with transmittance of above 90% at 400 – 800 nm, although a slight decrease was observed with increasing GO loading due to light scattering effects. These findings demonstrate that controlled incorporation of GO can enhance surface functionality without significantly compromising transparency, highlighting the potential of fluorinated sol–gel coatings for advanced protective and self-cleaning applications
Co-Authors Mahathir Mohamed Mohd Hamzah Harun Mohd Sofian Alias Nor Adnin Ezani Mohd Ezani Norfazlinayati Othman