<![CDATA[This study examines the implementation of restitution and compensation for crime victims in Indonesia from a human rights perspective, focusing on the realization of the right to an effective remedy, substantive justice, and the protection of human dignity. It contributes to the academic discourse by critically evaluating the coherence between Indonesia's victim compensation framework and international human rights standards, while identifying institutional and doctrinal gaps that hinder effective victim protection. The research employs a normative-analytical legal approach, combining doctrinal analysis of statutory regulations, judicial decisions, and international human rights instruments with a structured literature review. The doctrinal analysis examines the legal framework governing restitution and compensation, whereas the literature review contextualizes scholarly debates and identifies interpretative inconsistencies within the regulatory regime. The analysis encompasses the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), and legislation on victim protection. The findings reveal that although Indonesia has strengthened the legal basis for restitution and compensation, significant obstacles persist, including weak enforcement mechanisms, limited execution of court decisions, burdensome evidentiary requirements, fragmented institutional coordination, and the absence of a clearly defined state responsibility framework. These shortcomings prevent victims from obtaining effective and timely remedies. The study concludes that improving victims' access to justice requires not only legislative reform but also an integrated, accessible, and accountable institutional mechanism that aligns with international human rights principles and ensures the effective realization of victims' rights.]]>
