<![CDATA[Thin-bed and pinch-out structures remain among the most challenging geological features to interpret accurately using conventional seismic reflection methods because wavelet interference alters reflection amplitude, waveform characteristics, and apparent layer thickness. These limitations often reduce vertical resolution and introduce uncertainty in identifying stratigraphic boundaries and estimating reservoir geometry. This study aims to compare the seismic responses generated by a conventional 45 Hz Ricker wavelet and a broadband frequency wavelet in imaging a wedge-shaped pinch-out model, with particular emphasis on waveform characteristics, amplitude behavior, and tuning thickness. The research employed a forward seismic modeling approach by constructing a wedge model with layer thicknesses varying from 50 ms to 1 ms. Reflection coefficients derived from the model were convolved separately with a single-frequency 45 Hz Ricker wavelet and a broadband wavelet synthesized from frequencies ranging from 1 to 150 Hz. The resulting synthetic seismograms were analyzed using waveform comparison, amplitude variation with interface separation, apparent thickness evaluation, and the Rayleigh resolution criterion. The results demonstrate that the 45 Hz wavelet produces a distinct tuning thickness of approximately 9 ms, characterized by maximum constructive interference and pronounced amplitude extrema. In contrast, the broadband wavelet exhibits significantly improved vertical resolution, with only minor tuning effects occurring at approximately 2–1 ms, enabling clearer separation of closely spaced reflectors and a more accurate representation of wedge termination. These findings indicate that broadband frequency wavelets substantially reduce tuning-related ambiguity and provide superior imaging performance for thin-bed interpretation, thereby supporting more reliable seismic stratigraphic analysis and reservoir characterization.]]>
