Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal MANDALIKA: Journal of Social Sciences Journal of Advanced Computer Knowledge and Algorithms
Abdul Ahad Radmanesh
Samangan University
Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Ancient City of Ai Khanum: A Study of Its Artifacts and Historical Significance in Ancient Civilization Abdul Ahad Radmanesh
MANDALIKA : Journal of Social Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56566/mandalika.v4i2.898

Abstract

The ancient city of Ai Khanum features extensive fortifications and a full complement of private and public buildings, as well as a fortified military stronghold that includes temples and military structures. Bounded to the north by the Amu Darya River and to the west by a fast-flowing tributary, the city is guarded in the southwest by a large, strongly built fortress, while the Badakhshan mountains rise to its south and east. Greek inscriptions indicate that the city's principal architect was Kineas, and that its oldest quarters were built during the age of Alexander the Great. The main objective of this research is to examine the artifacts recovered from the ancient city of Ai Khanum and to assess their historical significance for ancient civilization. This is a qualitative, documentary study: information was gathered from credible and authoritative historical sources and analyzed using a descriptive method. The findings show that the city was built by the Greeks and that the artifacts recovered from it are of considerable historical importance, including capitals, slender columns, a view of the temple outside the ramparts, and a depiction of the Ai Khanum palace overlooking the Kokcha River, among others. These remains matter not only for their architecture and artistic craftsmanship, but also for the role the city played in trade and cultural exchange between East and West.
The Role of Information Technology in Revitalizing Afghanistan’s Position along the Historical and Modern Silk Road Abdulsattar Rahimi; Abdul Ahad Radmanesh; Musawer Hakimi
Journal of Advanced Computer Knowledge and Algorithms Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Advanced Computer Knowledge and Algorithms - October 2026
Publisher : Department of Informatics, Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jacka.v3i4.30499

Abstract

Afghanistan sits where the northern, southern and western branches of the Silk Road once met, and for most of two thousand years that position paid for itself in trade, taxes and ideas. Today the country is landlocked, thinly connected digitally and exposed to border closures that can idle a corridor within days. This paper asks what information technology (IT) can realistically do to restore Afghanistan’s role as a connector between Central, South and West Asia. The study combines a structured review of historical and economic literature, an examination of recent connectivity data, a three-layer framework linking digital infrastructure to corridor performance, and a transparent scenario calculation that converts saved transit days into tariff equivalents using published estimates. The review suggests that Afghan cities were historically information and trust nodes as much as trading posts. Current data show that about one in four Afghans was online at the end of 2025, against roughly three in four worldwide. The scenario calculation indicates that each day removed from a journey is worth 0.6 % to 2.1 % of cargo value, so a three-day reduction in border delay equals a tariff cut of 1.8 % to 6.3 %. Electronic customs and cargo tracking offer the best balance of impact and feasibility, while a single window, interoperable payments, redundant fibre links and cross-border data exchange are larger, slower goals. IT cannot replace roads, railways or political agreement, but it is the quickest and cheapest way to make existing corridors work better.
Co-Authors Abdulsattar Rahimi Musawer Hakimi