<![CDATA[Background: Psychological injury among early adolescents has become a significant public health concern globally and in Indonesia. This study examines how social determinants of health influence psychological injury among early adolescents in Makassar City. Objective: To analyze the relationship between social determinants of health and psychological injury among early adolescents in Makassar City using a comprehensive multivariate approach. Methods: This quantitative research employed a cross-sectional design involving 384 early adolescents aged 10-14 years. Participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling from 12 schools across Makassar City, ensuring representation of diverse socioeconomic profiles. Data were collected using validated instruments, including the Psychological Injury Scale for Adolescents (PISA), Family Environment Scale (FES), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression was conducted to identify significant predictors while controlling for confounding variables. Results: The prevalence of psychological injury among early adolescents was 38.5% (n=148), with depressive symptoms being the most common (39.2%). Multivariate analysis identified five significant determinants. Adolescents from low family socioeconomic status had higher odds of injury (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.67-3.21). Poor family communication emerged as the strongest predictor (OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 2.18-4.26), followed by exposure to community violence (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.94-4.25), negative school environment (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.32-2.88), and limited social support (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.76-3.39). The model explained 48% of the variance. Conclusion: Social determinants significantly and collectively influence psychological injury among early adolescents in Makassar City. Intervention strategies must move beyond individual-level approaches and address these contextual factors through multi-level interventions involving families, schools, and communities to effectively promote adolescent mental health resilience.]]>
