Sisilia Maria
Universitas Terbuka

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Substantive Rule of Law in Indonesia: Constitutional Gaps, Criminal Procedure Reform, and Rule of Law Index Sisilia Maria
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v3i2.1770

Abstract

This article examines the concept of the rule of law in Indonesia’s constitutional system from two opposing perspectives: the norms as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution and legislation, and empirical practices as reflected in various governance indicators. The study includes an analysis of Article 1, paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution as the foundation of the rule of law, the architecture of constitutional supremacy within Indonesia’s constitutional system, the implementation of the new Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) in 2025, signed by President Prabowo Subianto as an effort to strengthen the rule of law in criminal enforcement, and the decline in Indonesia’s WJP Rule of Law Index score in 2025—which, although showing an overall negative trend, was not uniform across all dimensions. This article analyzes the gap between norms and practices (das Sollen versus das Sein) in the implementation of the rule of law in Indonesia, identifies the factors causing this gap, and formulates recommendations to strengthen substantive—rather than merely formal—rule of law.