<![CDATA[Introduction to the Problem: The increasing use of assisted reproductive technologies has generated complex legal challenges concerning lineage, parentage and inheritance rights in Indonesia. While advances in genetic science allow biological relationships to be established with greater certainty, Islamic family law and national regulations continue to prioritize lineage derived from lawful marriage. This divergence creates legal uncertainty regarding the status and protection of children born through assisted reproductive procedures. Purpose/Study Objectives: This study examines the normative tension between biological nasab and Islamic legal lineage in determining the legal status of children born through ART and aims to formulate a legal framework aligned with constitutional principles, child protection norms and Islamic legal values. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employs a normative-doctrinal legal method using statutory, conceptual and case-based approaches. The analysis draws upon legislation, judicial decisions, Islamic legal doctrines and scholarly literature to examine issues of lineage, parentage, inheritance and assisted reproductive technologies. Findings: The study finds that Indonesian law has not yet developed a comprehensive regulatory framework governing the legal consequences of ART. In vitro fertilization (IVF) using sperm and ovum from a legally married couple generally aligns with existing rules on lineage and inheritance. However, donor-assisted reproduction involving sperm or ovum donation creates legal uncertainty regarding parentage, nasab attribution, and inheritance rights. Surrogacy further complicates legal interpretation, particularly concerning maternal status, guardianship, and civil registration. These ART-related categories are distinct from children born outside marriage without medical assistance and therefore require differentiated legal treatment. The study highlights the need to treat these reproductive arrangements as separate legal categories with varying implications for nasab, parentage, and inheritance. A maqāṣid al-sharīʿah-based approach is proposed as a normative framework to balance biological evidence, Islamic lineage principles and the best interests of the child. Paper Type: Research Article]]>
