<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on the learning outcomes of elementary school students in Pancasila and Civic Education. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted through Google Scholar, Garuda, and SINTA databases covering publications from 2022 to 2026. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were selected for analysis, consisting of 8 experimental/quasi-experimental studies and 7 classroom action research studies. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive synthesis techniques. The findings revealed that all reviewed studies reported improvements in students’ learning outcomes after the implementation of PBL. Experimental studies showed increases in pretest-posttest scores and differences between experimental and control groups, while classroom action research studies demonstrated improvements in learning mastery from Cycle I to Cycle II. In addition to improving learning outcomes, PBL was found to enhance students’ participation, engagement, learning motivation, critical thinking skills, and collaboration. These findings indicate that PBL is an effective instructional model for improving learning outcomes in Pancasila and Civic Education at the elementary school level. However, this review is limited by the number of included studies, relatively small sample sizes, and the predominance of research focusing on cognitive outcomes.]]>
