Kudzaishe Lawal Chizengwe
Informatics and Analytics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe

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Adversarial Vulnerabilities in Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Distributed 5G Security Belinda Mutunhu Ndlovu; Kudzaishe Lawal Chizengwe
Scientific Journal of Informatics Vol. 13 No. 3: August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/sji.v13i3.50261

Abstract

Purpose: This paper focuses on examining the robustness of a cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL)-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for intrusion detection in decentralised 5G security settings. Even though MARL techniques have proven effective against dynamic threats in decentralized 5G networks, current research has not considered any adversarial scenarios at all. Methods: A cooperative MARL-based Intrusion Detection System was developed through the CRISP-DM approach. Radio Access Network (RAN), MEC, and Core agents were trained using Centralised Training with Decentralised Execution (CTDE) and Deep Q-Network (DQN) methods. The algorithm was tested on the NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets against Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) evasion attacks (ε = 0.05-0.30) and Byzantine poisoning attacks with 5%, 10%, and 20% compromised agents. Result: The model achieved 96.94% accuracy on NSL-KDD and 85.15% on UNSW-NB15 in clean scenarios. The FGSM attack at ε = 0.20 resulted in substantial performance deterioration, leading to accuracy drops of 50.14 and 45.26 percentage points, respectively, and a simultaneous increase in false positives. Byzantine poisoning produced smaller but persistent decreases in accuracy of 12.03 and 2.62 percentage points, respectively. Novelty: This study provides among the first empirical evaluations of adversarial fragility in cooperative MARL-based intrusion detection within distributed 5G-oriented security abstractions, demonstrating that cooperative intelligence alone does not guarantee adversarial robustness.